Friday, November 29, 2019

Global Warming and Enviromental Pollution Essay Example

Global Warming and Enviromental Pollution Paper The planet Earth is now warming at a faster rate than during any time in the previous thousand years; there can be little doubt that it is the human- race who are the primary culprits. Essentially, Global Warming is the heating up of our atmosphere thanks in large part to the build-up of green house gases. This warming of our atmosphere can lead to an increase in the earth’s overall temperature. This warming is caused by several varying factors such as burning fossil fuels, industry and agricultural processes initiated by unmans as well as natural and other gas emissions; collectively these factors are synonymous with the term ‘Green House Effects’. The damage these processes create could devastate our planet’s natural biological cycle’s which would encompass our very existence. Recognizing our role as the primary antagonist consequentially allows us to be activists against ourselves and develop methods and habits to help rejuvenate our planet and drastically aid in turning the tide of a possibly impending global and catastrophically altering planetary change. Chief among the issues at stake with regards to Global Warming is climate change thanks in part to greenhouse gases. Although human error is commonly cited as the only producer of green house gases, Earths natural environment is also a contributing factor. Greenhouse gases are common naturally occurring gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide but, human activities can considerably add to the extreme unnatural levels of these gases. Everything from driving cars, heating homes, and fueling factories; humans are constantly involved in contributing to greenhouse missions and alternatively leading to more problems and a excess strain on our environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming and Enviromental Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming and Enviromental Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming and Enviromental Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Factories alone account for more than 80% of today’s carbon dioxide emissions. Global warming has a profound effect on nature as well as mankind. It can add to a longer life cycle of a disease or produce favorable conditions for germs to thrive year round because of the increase in temperature. Global warming can bring about a higher precipitation percentage in an ecosystem, which could enable infectious diseases to be contracted and spread at a more rapid rate. These factors could impact unman health and are already being detected globally. Animal habitats can be effected because most animals need certain temperatures to thrive and if a particular species decides to relocate due to the conditions it takes their link out of the food chain and therefore puts a break in the cycle; that may contribute to smaller numbers Of species that feeds on them or even a increase in the organ ism that the species that vacated fed on. * Not only does global warming affect the biotic (living organisms) of the planet, it also effects and changes the biotic portions of each and every ecosystem as well. All over the world millions of acres of forest are burning due to increasing temperatures taking away habitats for a plethora of species. It can also change the chemical composition or make-up of an area. In addition, when temperatures increase tide levels and ocean wave patterns tend to change. When temperatures increase higher levels of salt water are produced from evaporation. When waters are more potent with salt it can erode beach front and vegetation along the shores at an accelerated rate. The evaporation which contributes to the problem is collected by our atmosphere and can cause an increase in rainfall for an area. This, consequentially, highlights a previously mentioned side effect as an increase in infectious diseases. The precipitation could also decrease or alter the quality of crops produced and, if it gets to the point crops are dying because of environmental change, may cause us to not only a permanent change our diet but also adapt as a species. Though natural in its process, this devastating phenomenon exacerbated by humans is creating a new, unnatural cycle that has the potential to affect every aspect Of our world. The worlds government’s and people therein eave the ability and the need to help curb the impact of global warming. Simplistic changes in our routines and daily life styles choices of each person, such as carpooling, energy efficiency, reducing the carbon footprint of vehicles or buying one that is more CEO-friendly are easily attainable. It is the government can play a substantial part in the prevention of global warming by implementing new laws to develop better controls and regulations on emission standards for most industries. This will reduce the amount of pollutants that are allowed to be released into the atmosphere. Although true damage from emissions depends on factors like demographics, economy, technology and, the development of new laws or policies, people can at least slow the effects for now so they don’t reach epic levels. Current predictions for the future of earth don’t look good with carbon dioxide levels projected to be 30-150% higher in 2100 than what it is today. If carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases continue to spill into the atmosphere, global temperatures could rise five to ten degrees by the middle of next century. If precautions are not taken and a renewable clean energy is not identified and new regulations/controls are not implemented to decrease or alter our usage of currently available fossil fuels and the destruction of forests worldwide then, our planet could become uninhabitable sooner than later. * An ever increasing range of options deemed necessary in counteracting the effects of global warming are becoming a mainstay in worldwide societies. Because of the recent attention Global Warming as a whole has received, activists are increasing their campaigns geared towards knowledge Of our environment and how it affects our daily lives. A good tarring point in the push towards awareness would be a sort of ‘rejuvenation campaign’ highlighting energy saving and even recycling especially in the context of today’s perilous economies. Governments could contribute by developing and supporting the production and generation of renewable energy which in turn is a good way of reducing greenhouse gases and the damaging effects of global warming. â€Å"New† renewable energy alternatives currently contribute only a tiny portion of the total energy demands. However, as with most new ideals and habits and given as much as twenty ears, full assimilation to include continuous use of these renewable resources show a future impact with better-than-expected projections because the increase in output may change key facto rs and make a more substantial dent in counteracting Greenhouse Effects. Some resources identified for development are ocean waves, wind, bio fuels, and other nature induced processes. The oceans have the potential to provide a significant percentage of energy output requirements and, ongoing studies are mapping this resource in great detail. Governments are increasingly looking towards mind power and other renewable energy sources to combat increasing greenhouse gases and curb global warming to acceptable levels. People are actually in favor of wind energy, but the environmental impact of wind farms could be a barrier to future developments especially with its inconsistent output factor. Global warming is now a major problem as the Earth’s population and industrial needs increase. When more greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane are released because of the needs of the population (and as an effect, heightened production from industries), they rap heat rays and keep them in the earth’s atmosphere which in turn spikes the temperature. These increases in the Earth’s temperature are what are causing the most damage to the planet; even small increases can have a significant, long term impact on our environment. Only a few degrees allegedly led to the end of the ice age over several thousand years ago. Another warming cycle like that could have a huge environmental effect on us causing glaciers to melt into ice caps, and effectively raising the levels of the world’s oceans. In order to stop global warming there’s a lot to maintain and ark on but the task is not going to be reversed completely. Humans need to take some of the first steps in healing our environment and stop capricious emissions of fossil fuels – our biggest factor in the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. Controlling these emissions is the first of many steps necessary that we must take in order to combat this potentially disastrous problem. If left unchecked and no controls are implemented now, then our lives and livelihood will no doubt be disrupted, drastically altered or completely disappear as a result of a mere change we could have made in our lily lives. It’s an unbearable thought if we cannot protect one of our most precious resources, our planet Earth.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Strategies of Emirates Airlines Marketing

Strategies of Emirates Airlines Marketing Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Strategies of Emirates Airlines Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Abstract/Summary Emirates Airline is currently the largest airline company in the Middle East. This company was founded in the year 1985 (â€Å"Emirates Airline Profile†, 2012). The company is the â€Å"flagship and national airline of Dubai, United Arab Emirates† (â€Å"Emirates Airline Profile†, 2012, p.1). It is based outside the Dubai International Airport. Emirates Airline Company undertakes the operation of the four known longest flights across the globe and has â€Å"the largest order of A380 aircrafts† (â€Å"Emirates Airline Profile†, 2012). In the present day, this airline has more than one hundred destinations in over seventy nations across the world and has a fleet of over one hundred and eighty aircrafts (â€Å"The Emirates Story†, 2012). The company has been realizing constant expansion of its network even if it is fully owned by the state. Its growth has been realized through competition and not through state protection (â€Å"Emirates Airline Profile†, 2012). The company has been engaging in competition with the constantly increasing number of international airlines which capitalize on the â€Å"open-skies† policy that Dubai has put in place (â€Å"The Emirates Story†, 2012). The company’s success can be attributed to its effective marketing that enables it to win the competitive advantage and make profits (â€Å"The Emirates Story†, 2012). Putting place effective marketing strategies and methods have enabled the Emirates Airline Company to be very successful in the global market. Although the company has not been in business for a long time like most of its competitors, it has witnessed constant growth which has enabled it to become the leading airline in the Middle East and having destination s in all the continents of the world. Beginning from the time the company started its operations, it has been working hard to improve on its marketing in order to gain a higher market share.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company has been using its innovative power to come up with the best marketing strategies that have enabled it to grow. However, with the ever advancing technology and coming up of new challenges with each coming day, there is need for the company to continue being innovative and keep on improving its marketing strategies to ensure they become the world’s leading airline and be able to remain at the top. This research will aim at identifying any loopholes that may be in the marketing methods and strategies that have been put in place by Emirates Airline and how to bridge them. Bridging these loopholes or gaps in the strategies will enable this company to improve its performance beyond the present state in order to meet the ever increasing challenges in the market. Relevant objectives as well as research objectives have been set up in this proposal which will serve to guide this research project. Objectives To investigate the Emirates airline’s advertisement and marketing methods and strategies that enable it to gain competitive advantages. To examine how Emirate Airline’s marketing affects its global success. To identify the marketing changes that have occured in the company beginning from the time the company was established to the present. Project Outcomes Emirates Airline Advertisements and Marketing Methods and Strategies It has been found out that this company engages in aggressive advertisement in order to increase its market share (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). As a way to realize customer attraction to the highest level possible, the company advertises itself by u sing a number of slogans. The strategies employed by this company are aimed at ensuring that there has been exploitation of a number of issues concerning the business environment. Among these company’s branding slogans has been â€Å"Fly Emirates†. Emirates Airline Company has been offered a quite unique environment to market its business operations by Dubai. Some of the other slogans that have been used by the company in the course of time include â€Å"’the Finest in the Sky’, ‘Be Good to Yourself by Fly Emirates’, Fly Emirates – Keep Flying’, and ‘When was the last time you did something for yourself’† (Kumar 2012, p.1). Basing on the researches that have been conducted in the past about the use of the slogans by business organizations, it has been found out that some of the slogans used contribute quite positively towards the business performance by these organizations (Marketing strategy and customer sat isfaction, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Strategies of Emirates Airlines Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is pointed out that customers tend to abide by business slogans which seem to point out or deal with the needs that the company can meet (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). In the course of time, the Emirates Airline Company has been using the business slogans to hit back at other slogans used by the competitors which had exhibited themselves as being the best airline companies. Such business slogans as â€Å"’Be Good to yourself’ and ‘when was the last time you did something for yourself’ by the Emirates Airline ensure that customers feel treasured and cared for† (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). Just like most other airlines, Emirate Airline has engaged in diversifying the operations it carries out in various industries that are related. This approach has been used by the company in order to make sure that there is capitalizing on any other potential opportunity. It is reported that, in the past this company has utilized the â€Å"Flex-tracks program† with an intention of planning and fully optimizing the efficiency of a number of business routes as well as load factor (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). According to other reports, it has been found out that another strategy used by this company is the utilization of what is referred to as â€Å"tailored arrivals† and this strategy has been employed in putting the uplinks to aircrafts on route under control 9 Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). For airline companies to bring up the level of their efficiencies of their operations, most of them in different parts of the world bring down the level of costs by making use of aircrafts like Boeing 777-3000ER. Such an aircraft makes use of one en gine â€Å"to taxi aircraft engine thus increasing the efficiency of the whole process† (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1).Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is true to point out that the Emirates Airline Company has actually been able to put itself in a quite strategic position within the industry. The constant flourishing of the business market in Dubai and this nation’s constant cooperation with the rest of the world has gone on contributing towards Emirates airline’s improved performance. However, according to the researches that have been conducted, it has been clear that customer satisfaction levels in a large number of the airline companies have remained low (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). As a result of this, customers across the world have turned out to be â€Å"switchers†; moving their loyalties from one company to the other, on a constant basis. They move with a hope that they would possibly come across an honest company that they could trust. In the airlines industry, customer satisfaction involves making sure that the clients are given the services about which they have expectati ons of obtaining from the company on the basis of the price they pay for these services. This also involves making sure that clients arrive at their respective destinations via the shortest route available in the shortest time and at a minimum cost possible. Emirates Airline has been making efforts to capitalize on the existing opportunities and this company has been doing this by ensuring that it positions itself as the excellent global carrier since this airline by-passes some of the well-known hubs as it moves to various other destinations across the world (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012) Another strategy that can be employed in order to realize customer satisfaction has involved finding out from the customers in a direct manner in order to be in a position of getting to know what the actual needs of these customers may be. The use of technology has as well been implemented to a high level to make sure there is integration of the needs of the customers into th e business operations in the shortest time and at a lowest cost possible (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). A number of measures have been taken to make sure that there is receiving by the company’s management of the feedbacks that are given by the clients. These feedbacks may be in line with a number of issues that arise in the company which may be linked to the customer satisfaction either in a direct manner or an indirect one (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). As another strategy, this company engaged in launching a global campaign referred to as â€Å"Kids Go for Free† which has been very successful. Under this campaign the two parents can travel with two kids who are below the age 16 years without paying for them. A discount is also given to these families at the biggest shopping malls within Dubai (Emirates Airline, 2010). From this initiative, it can be seen that children are turning out to be most vital client groups i n a number of industries. It is reported that the â€Å"Kids Go Free† promotion was quite successful in 2009 and served to attract more than twenty thousand travelers originating from seventy countries having Dubai as their destination. Basing on a particular survey in relation to this campaign, it was found that â€Å"the average family of four from Europe could save as much as 3000 pounds by taking advantage of the offer† (Bundhun, 2010). Other than the campaign enabling this company to increase its profitability, it also enabled the families to save large amounts of money. It is reported that, it was not only Emirates Airline that had knowledge about how important the kids market can be but an increasing number of companies also engaged in launching this campaign in order to increase their performance level as well the â€Å"customer awareness index† (McNeal, 1999). The campaign served in assisting Emirates Airline specifically and Dubai in general, to distin guish themselves as â€Å"cost-competitive alternative to other destinations† (Kotler, Bowen, Makens, 2010). This promotion left a great impact in that the companies in the airlines industry came to a realization of the way to utilize the products of kids in order to draw the attention of families and give encouragement to the parents to engage in purchasing. This campaign is healthy for the domestic tourism and in the year 2008, it made a direct contribution of nineteen percent to the GDP of Dubai (Bundhun, 2010). How Emirates Airline Marketing affects their Global Success Over eight hundred Emirates aircrafts leave Dubai every week to other destinations across the world (Calleja, 2009). It is reported that this company’s flight form about forty percent of the total number of flight movements from and into Dubai and at some point, the Emirates Airline, was targeting to bring up their market share to about seventy percent by the year 2010 without having to compromise their standing for quality (Calleja, 2009, p.3). It is also important to point out that value creation and goal achievement are very vital strategic principles in the process of globalization. This company has been constantly undertaking its operation with an aim of making their services better in the global market. In the recent past, this company realized a fresh milestone as â€Å"it touched down to vibrant beats of African drums at Cape Town – its 100th global destination in South Africa and also launched a new service to Brazil; a daily non-stop Dubai-Sao Paulo operation effective 1st July 2008† (Travel Daily News, 2008, p.1). According to Calleja (2009), â€Å"attracting customers is the major strategic global principle†( p.3). This company has all the time been seeking fresh ways to innovate. The company engaged in opening innovative lounge at the â€Å"Brisbane International Airport† thus â€Å"unveiling the facility that offers a stunning 360 de gree view and is the first airline lounge in Australia capable of boarding passengers directly to the aircraft, including the upper deck of the Airbus A380† (Travel Daily News,2008, p.1). This brings in convenience to the clients and therefore it is a great achievement especially in regard to offering quality and superior value attainment by the customers in comparison with other companies in the industry. In its marketing, Emirates Airline has also used what is referred to as â€Å"global aviation strategy† (Calleja, 2009, p.3). This marketing strategy has enabled the company to achieve success in the global market. In the course of the last one and a half decades, the â€Å"Dubai International Airport† has immensely grown to become among the greatest hubs in the global aviation. The strategy has been employed by the Emirates Airline Company basing on the fact that â€Å"its planes can reach any point on the globe nonstop from Dubai and can connect any two city pairs with just one stop in the Middle East† (International Herald Tribune, 2007, p.1). This company is reported to be having a geographic advantage over all other companies in the industry and â€Å"within eight thousand miles, they can reach something like 80% of the world† (Calleja, 2009, p.3). Marketing Changes in Emirates Airline Company from its Establishment until Now There has been integration of a number of strategies in this company’s marketing strategies in the course of time (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). There is a great correlation between marketing concepts within the airline industry and the marketing strategies which are chiefly utilized in such other industries as the hotel industry and tourism among others across the world. Just recently, Emirates Airline flourished after making sure the focus of their services is put on the â€Å"target market† (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). It is repo rted that at the time the year 2000 was ending, this company had plans to come up with a â€Å"very ultra-long-haul service† (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). The plan for this service is that it be situated in the â€Å"East coast and the West Coast part of the United States of America† (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). There were also plans to have more services in Argentina and Australia. It is also reported that â€Å"Fly Emirates business strategies employed in the recent past have seen the business organization overall output increase and the specific traffic flow rate increase to twenty percent from the year 1999 to the year 2000† (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). Seven years ago, in 2005, this company commenced on its operations of the airline to the New York City and this was on a continuous basis. Emirates Airline strategy put in place in this regard enabled the company to comme nce undertaking operation of A340-500 flight to JFK airport. In the course of time, the company has also realized creation of several partnerships with some airlines in the Delter airlines and in the U.S (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). The initiation of such operations was undertaken in 2001.The enhancement of the company’s growth has been realized through implementation of various strategies in the past. By the year 2007, Emirates Airline was able to mark its â€Å"new non-stop air operation services between most of its major destinations† (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). The company has also been able to continuously capture traffic to Southern Asia as well as North America. By the company introducing Airbus A380-800, this served as a great move towards making sure it has a better performance within the business market. The strategy put in place in order to ensure creation of additional space in flights played a bi g role in enabling the company to achieve significantly higher profits resulting from the flights between Bangkok and Dubai 9 Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). Why the Interest in the Project Considering that there is continued complication as well as competition witnessed in the airline industry, it is important that the marketing methods and strategies that have been and are currently used by the Emirates Airline Company be examined in order for any gaps that are there in these strategies be established and necessary changes which need to be carried out be implemented and submissions of proposals be made to the management. Indeed, this research will be beneficial not only to the Emirates Airline Company but also to the investors into the industry as well as shareholders and stakeholders in making sure that they receive maximum gains from this company. I am also interested in this research project because it will offer very important information that relate to th e present situation of the business market in which airlines carry out their operations. This information that will be obtained will also be helpful in the optimization of real performance of the small as well as big businesses. Questions to be answered What are the Emirates airline’s greatest competitive advantages? What are the biggest challenges that Emirates Airline encounter in their operations both in the local and global market in relation to their marketing strategies? In what ways do the Emirate Airline’s present marketing methods and strategies give a reflection of its future targets within the market? Research Methods The methods that will be used in this research will involve the use of primary data as well as secondary data collection. Considering primary data, this will be dependent of data collection from the company regarding the strategies they use with the objective of winning the competitive advantage through customer satisfaction. The opinion of t he clients and the potential clients will be collected. A number of opinions of various stakeholders will be put into consideration. The administering of questionnaires will play a big role in making sure that the different respondents who might be in different locations and those that cannot be reached physically can still take part in this research. Research design Since the Emirates airline is a multinational company that serves wide array of clients across the globe, it is imperative to note that it has numerous employees and clients from various locations across the globe. Therefore, a suitable research design will be required as part of methodology in order to address this kind of diversity (Creswell 1994, p. 76). Therefore, a well designed and suitable research methodology will have to incorporate a thorough research study in order to understand how employees are motivated at the Emirates Airlines. Therefore, the research design that will be applied will take into considerati on the number of employees in the company and how employees are represented in the company both regionally and continentally. In addition, the research design to be employed will address all the major international airports and offices of the company that can be used to facilitate communication. This kind of information will be useful as part of the research design because it will enhance gathering of primary data and subsequent analyses. Due to the complex nature of the ethical and cultural practices experienced at the Emirates Airlines, a qualitative research design will be utilized in order to map out expenses to be incurred in the process of conducting this research study (Doganis 2002, p.54). Besides, more focus will be laid on the descriptive research method so that the acquired data can be understood. It is important to reiterate that this kind of research design is highly suitable for the study because it gives more emphasis on the much needed information when the actual res earch study will be conducted. In addition, the qualitative approach will be used to carry out the methodology part of this research study. As a matter of fact, there will be a well defined method of collecting data from the field. Data collection Data collection is an integral part when conducting any research study. This study aims to collect the much needed data using various methods. However, the mode of data collection will have to be compatible with the research design that was chosen above (Hiatt Creasey 2003, p.163). Therefore, the aforementioned descriptive research design will employ survey as one of the methods of data collection. The use of survey method in data collection will be made possible through well designed questionnaires. The latter will save both time and expenses needed to collect raw data from the field. Some of the suggested interview questions that will be contained in the questionnaire include: Are you satisfied as an employee at Emirates Airlines? Woul d you move away from the Emirates Airlines if you secure another job opportunity? What are the outstanding attributes of this company? Kindly enlist them. Do you feel like working with Emirates Airlines on every single day? What motivates you at workplace? Primary and Secondary Data Sources That are Intended to Be Used in This Project The primary data collection will involve obtaining information about the strategies that are employed by this company in order to realize customer satisfaction. A direct response from the interviewees through the use of the questionnaires will make it possible for the researcher to formulate, in sufficient manner, a perfect understanding of how efforts geared towards realizing customer satisfaction can be carried out. Moreover, primary data will make it possible for the researcher to be in a position of obtaining the up-to-date information that will assist in comparing between the past data sources and the sources which are the most recent. The second ary data sources will include journals, websites and information in books and sources written on Emirates airline. This information will be very important in the identification of a number of roles that have been played by a number of stakeholders in dealing with all concerns that are linked to different marketing strategies used within the airline industry. There will be availing of a number of issues concerned with the most effective marketing strategies, which have formerly been used and their success patterns through comprehensive studying of the sources which are available, containing the secondary data. Gantt Chart Task Person(s) Responsible Start Date End Date Questionnaire Drafting Researcher (Myself) 01 Oct 10thOct Data Collection Researcher (Myself) 11thOct 18thOct Data Analysis Researcher (Myself) 19stOct 30 Oct Dissertation Writing Researcher (Myself) 01 Nov 10 Nov References Bundhun, R., 2010. Double the â€Å"Kids go free† on holidays to Dubai. Web . Calleja, J., 2009. Global business – case study: Emirates Airline. Web. Emirates Airline Profile, 2012. Web. Creswell, J. W. 1994. Research design: qualitative quantitative approaches, Sage Publications, New York. Doganis, R. 2002. Flying off course: the economics of international airlines, Routledge, New York. Emirates Airline, 2010. Family focus for Dubai and Emirate airline this summer. Web. Hiatt, J. Creasey, T. J. 2003. Change management: the people side of change, Prosci Learning Center, Madison. International Herald Tribune, 2007. As other airline suffer, Emirate Airline prospers. Web. Kotler, P., Bowen, T. B., Makens, C. J., 2010. Marketing for hospitality and tourism, Pearson Education Inc., New Jersey. Kumar, C., 2012. Emirates. Web. Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012. Web. McNeal, J. U., 1999. The kids market: myths and realities, Paramount Market Publishing, New York. The Emirates Story, 2012. Web. Travel Daily News, 2008. Emirates increases B razil service to daily. Web.

Friday, November 22, 2019

How does the case of the 'Guildford Four' Illustrate the weaknesses of Coursework

How does the case of the 'Guildford Four' Illustrate the weaknesses of utilitarianism when used as the moral guide of the State - Coursework Example Based on how the consequences of a human action could create happiness for human beings is merely a pure achievement of pleasure and prevention of pain (Kemerling 2002; Bentham 1789, p. 1). When estimating the moral status of human actions1, Bentham argued that the measurement of hedonistic value of human actions should be based on certainty and uncertainty, purity and extent of human actions, the intensity of pleasure and the duration wherein the sense of pleasure could last including the collateral benefits of the human action in order to prevent collateral harm (Timmons 2002, pp. 106 – 108; Dibie 1988, p. 315). It means that the experiencing pleasure and pain are classified as intrinsically good and bad respectively. With regards to political philosophy, Bentham’s proposed utilitarianism considers the happiness based on pleasure such that the happiness of the entire community and/or society as a whole is more important as compared to the happiness or self-interest of a single person. With this in mind, the principle of utility as suggested by Bentham means that the moral obligation of each individual should be based on â€Å"the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people affected by human actions† (Kenny 1998, pp. 283 – 284). In other words, Bentham’s strongly believe that the human actions and social institutions should aim at promoting the greatest utility – happiness and pleasure (Crisp 1997, p. 2). Since the greatest happiness should be for the greatest number of people, government corruption is considered as intrinsically bad since only few minorities among the government officials could enjoy the pleasure of having substantial amount of money due to misuse of political power and legal rights. At the... The act of judging whether or not a given action is morally right or wrong is considered a very complex situation. Specifically the case of the 'Guildford Four' illustrates the weaknesses of utilitarianism when used as the moral guide of the state. In judging whether or not human action is intrinsically right (good) or wrong (evil), the role of the public policymakers comes in. As stated by Sir William Blackstone, â€Å"It is better to let ten guilty men go free than to wrongly incarcerate one innocent man†. Because of the increasing number of wrongful conviction in UK, developing a set of political rules in the form of law will not always lead to actions that are morally good. One way or the other, developing a set of political rules the the form of creating a legal system may only serve as a scapegoating tactics in the case of the true criminals. As compared to the theory of utilitarianism, the concept of deontology is totally different in the sense that deontology remains f ocus on judging an action by observing the righteousness or wrongness of an action regardless of whether the end result of the action is good or evil (Nishukan 2007). Instead of taking into consideration the end-result of an action, Immanuel Kant suggest the use of deontology more than the classical utilitarianism since deontology judges moral issues by carefully examining the type of actions being committed by a person

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Final assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final assignment - Essay Example The amount of arable farmland in China continues to decline sharply even as the region faces yet another problem, which is water shortage (Imura 93). This paper will examine some of the ways China is trying to curb the recent trends, and what it might mean to the future of the region if these techniques do not work. In order to be an economic powerhouse, the country has to have its affairs in order so as to be able to control most of what it imports into the region. The fact that arable farmland is diminishing and water shortages are becoming rife, the region may soon be faced with problems its citizens or government may not be fully equipped to handle. A recent report by the Minister of the National Development and Reform Commission, Zhang Ping, indicates that the severe shortages of the reserve farmlands and water resources present the biggest challenges to ensuring food security for the region. Urbanization that is considered to be rather rapid and natural disasters are said to be among the top reasons why the region is losing cultivatable or arable land, thus; making it a herculean task to save the remaining percentage of land that is still cultivatable (Imura 97). China’s National Bureau of Statistics indicates that China is responsible for 20pc of the globe’s population. However, only 7pc of this has been recorded as cultivatable land. It goes on to claim that; of the over 130 million hectares of arable land that was present in China in 1996, there was only a little over 120 million hectares left by the year 2008. Bank of America has, unfortunately, claimed that China has already bypassed the 120 million hectare mark, meaning that only 115 million will be available by the year 2015. China, at the moment, can only boast of having less than 5 million hectares of land as reserve farmland (Imura 101). Further statistics by an agricultural consultancy firm indicate that there is need to maintain or preserve the remaining 120 million

Monday, November 18, 2019

Complexity of managing an organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Complexity of managing an organization - Essay Example The cost of production should be kept at most fifty percent of the total cost for the vision of the organization to be achieved. On innovation and learning perspective, the Chief Information Officer should be responsible for making sure that the organization upgrades and the value constantly increasing. He or She should look for ways of action to take to ensure this goal is attained. Focusing on financial aspect, the Chief Information Officer should position make sure the organization in positioned well in the shareholder’s perpective.He or she should prioritize accurate and timely funding for the business (Pearlson & Saunders, 27).Question two.A diagnostic assistant is an example where artificial intelligence is applied. The aid the human beings identify problems and give suggestions on the restoration or treatment to solve the problems. A Turing test for this is an electrician’s assistant that proses what may be wrong in the premise, such as a default fuse, destroyed switch light or a burnt out light given some signs of electrical complications. Medical diagnostician   is another example of artificial intelligence   that discovers impending diseases, useful tests and suitable treatments based on knowledge of a specific medical domain a patients symptoms and history. This assistant should be capable of explaining its reasoning to the individual carrying out the tests and repairs and who is eventually responsible for their actions.Bullwhip effect is a perceived occurrence in forecast-driven delivery channel.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Negative Effects of Technology on Society

Negative Effects of Technology on Society Negative Effects of Technology There is no doubt that technology is playing a critical role in developing societies as countries depend on it in all disciplines of life. Countries all over the globe are competing to invent and develop the highest technological devices that can maintain the highest efficiency and accuracy of the work. Starting from 1980s, people started to use technology every day. The use of technology kept rising dramatically that people used it in tiny things. That overuse resulted in many negatives. There are many negative effects of overusing of technology on societies but the three major effects could be health problems, privacy problems and social problems. One of the negative sides of the rapid use of technology on societies is the health issue. There is no doubt that the technology is getting better and spreading around the world. That led societies to deal with it almost every day to get their work done resulting in many issues. These issues can mainly be divided into two main categories which are mental health problems and physical health problems. First of which is the physical health problem, there are many physical health issues that caused by dealing with technology but the critical ones are weaken the eyesight. People who usually deal with computers for a long periods of time like programmers suffer from blurry vision and eye soreness. According to Tripp (2013), people who usually use computers for long terms experience serious issues such as soreness of the eyes and blurring the vision. That can be clearly seen since eyes have to concentrate all the time on the screen that emits dangerous radiations that affects the eyes criti cally leading the eyes to start dropping tears which can make the eye blurry. Resulting in soreness of the eyes on long terms. In addition, technology can cause mental problems for some. Some people who usually spend hours dealing with TVs and Computers without interacting with people get discouraged and get an independent behavior which results in fear of talking to people resulting them to suffer from mental disease called anxiety. Unfortunately nowadays, parents are exposing their children to technology without taking in consideration the cruel effects of such an action. Causing their children to suffer from many mental diseases. Crawford (2011) mentioned that due to spending huge amounts of time; huge number of children were diagnosed by di polar disorder, anxiety and depression resulting in using enormous amounts of psychotropic medications. That can be clearly seen since the parents does not take in consideration that technology isolate the child from the outer world thus they get mental diseases. To sum up, technology has double edged effects which are mental and physical problems. The second negative effect of overuse of technology on the society is the deprivation of privacy and security. As the world experiencing many advancements in the technology it is also facing problems of privacy and security that can strip the world from personal information. Firstly, privacy issues. Privacy problems are considered as one of the critical issues. Privacy issues are concerned with tracking locations and spying on information. It is very easy for professionals to trace and spy on any electronic device that connects to a network by simply tracking the IP location using programs then establishing connections by dominating over foibles resulting in accessing data of the user. For example, some advertising websites can track location, watch what users do and see what the users like and dislike by s doing a survey of which products are more preferred, while some countries usually spy on another countries to maintain its internal security and spy on extremely important informa tion. According to Thai serves group (2012), minister of communication in Iran mentioned that the western are spying on the internet resulting in spreading of corruption. That is clearly seen since the west have more advanced instruments that can track and spy on anyone in the world with high accuracy. In addition to privacy problems, security problems can negatively affect anyone in the world, it is concerned with stealing of information. It is known that information of users of any website are saved in cloud storage of the website. Professionals aim for that cloud storage. If it is not well secured all of users information including ID and passwords will be threatened. For example, if a professional hacker login a bank database, he would cause a fatal damage to the users and the bank, running away leaving almost no trace. â€Å"Computer predators† (n.d.) mentioned that while computers are connected to the internet, hackers send malwares to seek for financial information and transfer it to them. That can be clearly seen since many hackers have used these malwares to penetrate banks systems in the west. Wrapping up, technology affects dramatically on the privacy and security The third negative effect of overuse of technology on societies is the social issue. Through these years technology was getting more advanced not only in business and work fields but for numerous number of fields. One of these important fields that gains enormous amount of profit is the games field, which has been modified many times to make the games more realistic and has more similarities to the real life. Games are so realistic that killing and other disgusting scenes are included in games. The serious effects of games can be divided into two main categories which are temper fluctuating and lack of social skills .Firstly, due to killing and blood scenes in the games aggression spread among all the teenagers. According to Alamy (2012), teens who usually play brutal games become extremely aggressive. That can be clearly seen because watching such dangerous scenes make the teenagers or children more likely to attack people or cause critical damage to their friends in schools or in n eighborhood. In addition to aggression, lack of social skills is another result of overuse of technology. Sitting all the day working on electronics such as computers could isolate the person. It is clear that technology boosted communications by easily contacting anyone by just pressing a button. But in fact it is responsible for the rapid loss of the relationships. Nowadays some people could be having a date and they are actually sitting next to each other but in reality they are not having any kind of contact. According to Howarth (2014), children social skills are decreasing dramatically because of spending long periods of time interacting with technology. That is clear because the more the child is attached to technology the less his social skills will be. Wrapping up, technology affects socializing of children. Finally, technology was made to serve the world but people used it in intensive levels that it caused serious problems that are health problems, privacy problems and social problems. Health problems are considered as critical issues which affects mental and physical health of the user. Moreover, privacy is negatively affected due to spying and stealing of information of users. Furthermore, socializing is affected by rapid change of temper and lack of social skills. People should spend less time and communicate with each other and use technology in rates that it doesn’t hurt people to avoid getting any problems in the future. Word Count -1198

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Beatrice of William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Essay examples

Beatrice of William Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing One of the most intriguing characters from Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing must be Beatrice. An intelligent, well-spoken (and, perhaps more interesting, outspoken) young woman, she is an almost exact opposite of her cousin, Hero. What makes Beatrice so different than what one expects of a woman during Shakespeare’s time? Why did Shakespeare decide to make her such a strong female character? It begs the question of what women were actually like in the Tudor era, and if she was really so radical a character. Beatrice is very different than the common expectation of women by people looking back on Shakespeare’s period and of the public of Shakespeare’s time in many ways. As previously stated, she is outspoken, intelligent and does not wish to be married. This is strange, considering that around the time that Shakespeare was writing (give or take a few hundred years), women were being restricted in their studies, writing and in society (Wiesner, 3). There are many examples of women being restricted by the law in society, as Merry E. Wiesner stated in her essay: In regard to the basic obligations and duties of citizenship, little distinction was made between men and women; all heads of households were required to pay taxes†¦ and obey all laws. Beyond that, however, there were clear legal restrictions on what the female half of the population could do. Women differed from men in their ability to be witnesses, make wills, act as guardians for their own children†¦ These limitations appear in the earliest extant law codes and were sharpened and broadened as the law codes themselves were expanded. (4) With societal views such as this, it was no doubt odd to see such a... ... even a bit closer to the ideals about women presented at the time. In many ways, Beatrice is ahead of her time as far as how she is presented. In other ways, though, she is no different than real women, and is simply a representation of those real women on the stage (such as Queen Elizabeth I). Though she is almost the exact opposite of her more mainstream idea cousin, Hero, Beatrice is not so taboo or radical when it comes down to a deeper inspection of women, society and her character. Works Cited Marcus, Leah S. â€Å"Shakespeare’s Comic Heroines, Elizabeth I, and the Political Uses of Androgyny.† Women in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. pp 135-153 Shakespeare, William. Much Ado About Nothing. Sim, Alison. The Tudor Housewife. pp 3, 126. Wiesner, Merry E. â€Å"Women’s Defense of Their Public Role.† Women in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. pp 1-27.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Motivation for Advanced Level Esl Learning Essay

In recent years, TESOL has called for the study of the social and cognitive factors that affect adult English learners’ participation in formal language learning. Numerous research projects have investigated the motivational influences and factors of adult immigrant English. In particular, factors and motivations which led them to take an advanced ESL courses after already having adequate fluency in English to conduct their work and daily lives. Using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, these studies have frequently uncovered that the ESL students opted to pursue advanced language training to, primarily, join the dominant language culture and community. Practical reasons, although very important to the learners, seem to be outweighed by the psychological drive to integrate into the culture. Social identity often proves to be the major factor in this process as student motivation often fostered by a self perceived difference between their current and desired identities as assimilated speakers of their new language. Fundamentally they saw language education as an essential transitional requisite for attainment of this preferred identity. Introduction The study of TESOL, which can trace its roots applied linguistics, occasionally failed to think about many non-linguistic aspects and situations of use which can influence learning. A large part of this knowledge, though, collected through education and psychology investigations could be applied to the groups of people and areas of interest being considered in TESOL. In places such as California second-language English users make up 63% of the target adult learners and almost a third in the country overall (Lasater and Elliott, 2004). The literature studied below begins by recapping major endeavors of psychology and education investigation so as to establish a baseline of student’s imperatives to learn. The study later focuses on motivation studies in linguistics related to ESL attainment and advancement. Part 2 Andragogy and Self-Motivation Andragogy  Review of the Literature Adult Learning from a Social Cognitive Perspective The foundation of adult learning theory was established in Lindeman (1926) who identified important distinctions between adult and child learning. These ideas were later developed by Knowles (1990) and constitute the hypothetical learning model dubbed andragogy. Andragogy, a mode of education starkly contrary pedagogy, which is characterized by children being instructed by adults in a directed and authoritarian environment. Knowles posited that because of significant psychological and physiological differences between youth and adult learners, the modes of educational motivation must be equally disparate. Knowles’s teachings are very well regarded in the education worldwide. Psychological metamorphosis in adult life, human factors brought to the learning situation, adult outside world demands, and life duties distinct from children’s, particularly a greater breadth of life encounters, varied incentives, and educational requirements all act in concert to create a distinctly different mode of motivation for adult learners. In particular, adult learning, per Knowles (1990), is predicated upon six vital components: 1. Justification for learning, that is, the rationale for desiring the education, before pursuing it. 2. Transformation of the adult concept of the self into that of an independent, self-directed human being. 3. Life experience that influences the adult body of accumulated knowledge, desires as well as being a component factor of self awareness. 4. Developmental willingness and practical feasibility relating to the synchronized pacing of learning experiences to their appropriate phases of emotional maturation. . Problem-centered approach of learning which can immediately be applied to real-life situations. 6. Self-motivation to learn by self-generated factors, as opposed to externally imposed requirements Kolb (1984) offered an expanded depiction of the process as a self-perpetuating process where actual events necessitate a review, analysis leading to later research and proper scientific revi ew. The learner’s assimilation into a different culture and society facilitates creation of educational desires with eventual engagement in a formalized educational environment as a key to attaining the desires. Learning occurs in myriad encounters/interactions with the student’s world in psychological process. In a social context, the actual knowledge gained is not so much seen as an acquisition but more as one of externalization. A way to get out of one’s self and into their new environment. Cognition of facts occurs which is a pro-active, relevant, and meaningful adult response to confusion created by previous discontinuity. A disjuncture can serve as â€Å"the point at which needs and wants and interests converge† . as well as an origin point for jumping into the learning process. By extending this idea to immigrant experiences, it seems as though basic everyday activity changes caused from immersion in a society which communicates in a foreign tongue, and made all the more real by the imperative to become functional in this society, can create disjuncture in their lives and compel them to pursue ESL education so as to not be overwhelmed. While many will pursue language education at once, others may find that language disjunctures happen later in their lives when greater proficiency beyond basic functional skills is required for a variety of reasons. Knowledge deficits plus a developed self-concept grounded within a cultural milieu can generate pressing need – a need to learn. Self-Motivation There are many different definitions for Motivation. In an educational context, one of the more comprehensive and useful definitions is from John Keller’s 1983 publication called Motivational Design of Instruction: â€Å"the choices people make as to what experiences or goals they will approach or avoid, and the degree of effort they will exert in that respect† (Keller, 1983). Motivation is mercurial in nature. Keller identified a perception of applicability of the learning presented as fundamental for maintaining long-term motivation. Relevance exceeds the subject’s education requirements to encompass perceptions of satisfaction desired through the process in fulfilling psychological imperative senses of achievement, belonging, power and freedom. Encountering disappointment during a learning situation can dissipate motivation and possible cause learned helplessness (Bandura, 1982; deCharms, 1984; Weiner, 1984) or dismotivation going beyond mere discouragement. Educational psychology accepts that motivation also varies because of varied contexts in which learning occurs. Studies have brought to light additional connections between the act of learning a language and the evolving perspective of learners in the L2 environment. Peirce (1995) introduced the idea that acquisition of proficiency in a dominant language allowed learnersr to â€Å"acquire a wider range of symbolic and material resources [and] increase the value of [the learners’] cultural capital†. Sfard & Prusak (2005) insinuated that the learning itself is closing the gap between learners’ actual and projected identities. Qualitative studies offer a model of language learning motivation which is dynamic, longitudinal process whereby learners’ cognitions and beliefs (Ushioda, 2001), and relevance of the curriculum to their interests (Syed, 2001) directly affect involvement in learning. Part 3 Language Learners vs Second Language Learners Linguists only recently have begun distinguishing foreign language students from second language students when studying their drive to pursue language education and have proposed â€Å"the dynamics involved in learning these two different types of language may be quite different† (Gardner, 2001). To date, the great majority of these studies are in foreign language (FL) classes. Gardener’s quote was actually taken from a volume containing 20 separate motivation studies, none of which contained ESL students. ESL students, for whom English was a gateway ability for study in different subjects or earning a university degree, were more compelled by exterior forces to learn than heritage and non-heritage EFL learners. A motivation survey of 580 adult immigrants at a local college based ESL program in Toronto rated the following motives highest: linguistic needs, basic skills, cultural awareness, social interaction, and resume writing (Paper, 1990). It found no significant difference in motives based age, duration of residence or level of education. The influence of integrative orientation in the data compelled the author to recommend including Canadian culture in the curriculum. Conscious intention of immigrating to the U. S. was another motivating factor for language learning in a separate exploration conducted on adult learners (Brilliant, Lvovich, and Markson, 1995). Student’s beliefs seem to fill a vital role in adult learning accomplishments, consistent with educational psychology, thus making them ideal subjects for motivation research. A particular study, Bernat (2003), examined the views of 20 unemployed Vietnamese learners in a vocational ESL course in Sydney, Australia. Their scores were high on two motivations: 85% of respondents expressed the integrative desire to develop their interpersonal relations with the Australians better and make friends among them, and all agreed that speaking English well would enhance their prospects for employment. Part 4 The Attitude Motivation Test Battery (AMTB)  This is a large battery of tests which measures a number of different aspects of language learning. The instrument was originally used to measure attitudes of students studying English and French in Canada. Scales included attitudes toward French Canadians, interest in foreign languages, attitudes toward European French people, attitudes toward learning French, integrative orientation, instrumental orientation, anxiety, parental encouragement, motivational intensity, and desire to learn French. The scale instrument has been modified more recently. The Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) is designed to measure different components of the socio-educational model of SLA. There are eleven sub-tests, nine with ten items each, and two with four items. The five main variables assessed in the AMTB are attitudes toward the learning situation, integrativeness, motivation, instrumentality and language anxiety.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

How to Write a Book Report

How to Write a Book Report How to Write a Book Report You might rightly think that not all critical essays writing has a logical structure. However, most college courses in England and America require composition guidelines. For the beginner, the writing technique has the advantage: it provides clear-cut rules for enhancing the effectiveness and readability of essay by stressing unity and logic. Although the rules for essays writing may appear simple in theory, they are difficult to put into practice. It is essential not to give up and to persist in trying to organize your book report writing according to the guidelines: Critical Essay Writing Every academic discipline follows college critical essay conventions that are concerned with the documentation of sources. This feature of college English essay writing which is often subsumed under the term critical apparatus. In the field of English and American literature, there are particularly strict rules of documentation, which have been published in a handbook by the Modern Language Association, the largest and most influential association. College critical essay writing is characterized by consistent and accurate critical apparatus which must contain all primary and secondary texts used for book report writing. This should enable an essay reader to retrace the sources of quotations and paraphrases. Therefore, you have to collect all necessary information concerning a text, including the author's or editor's name, the title of the book, the journal or anthology containing the essay, the year of publication, the volume, and the page numbers. Critical Essay Help The literature used in critical essay writing can be incorporated either in the form of direct quotations or as paraphrases: short passages from primary texts are usually integrated as direct quotations while larger units of meaning as paraphrases. Secondary literature is generally paraphrased, except for important, fundamental statements which require word for word quotation. The critical apparatus usually consists of footnotes and bibliography. Footnotes serve a dual function in college essay writing: first, they allow you to acknowledge the source of information or quotations and to refer to further sources; second, they permit you to expand on a thought which is not directly relevant to the general argument in the essay. The bibliography at the end of the essay is an alphabetically arranged documentation of the primary and secondary literature used for book report writing. While writing critical essay, keep in mind the above information. Using other author's information without r eference in your English critical writing will be considered as plagiarism. .com You may find it difficult to write a book report especially if you have not read the book. Yes, most of the students prefer not to read the assigned books because they have not time.We offer you to take advantage of professional book report writing service offered on our site.We know how to write a book report and we are available 24/7 to assist you with writing.In addition, you can freely read wealth of free tips on our blog! Popular posts: Biology Term Paper 3,000 Words Term Paper SFU Writing Research Papers Writing a Research Proposal Writing a Research Paper

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

The Effects of Injuries on Professional Athletes

The Effects of Injuries on Professional Athletes Free Online Research Papers The Effects of Sports Injuries occur in almost every single sport, not only in those with a high level of contact. Many injuries come from high-intensity sports and are very common, but some may change players for the rest of their lives. Injuries are painful and at that moment they affect players ability to participate but certain injuries sustained can affect them in the long run. These injuries are very dangerous because sometimes athletes dont even realize they have a serious long-term injury until it is too late. Although the injuries people most hear about are the in professional sports, these injuries occur just as much or maybe even more, with teenagers in middle school or high school. Almost one in five high school students in a contact sport suffers a concussion each season and there are about 300,000 sport-related concussions each year (Washburn 1). Clearly this is currently a major issue in the sport community today. Sports like hockey or football usually contribute most of the concussions but other sports such as basketball, boxing, and even gymnastics are reported yearly to have some concussions. Concussions are just one of many injuries that threaten the lives of all athletes. The NFL is responsible for injuries players receive during their NFL careers and should incorporate a medical disability plan for retired players.. It as been proven that young athletes or teenagers are more vulnerable to injuries such as concussions. Concussions have been and still are one of the most dangerous forms of injuries. Since teens are more vulnerable to them, they suffer more concussions than adults (Solomon 44). It is very dangerous for the teen athlete to receive this damage because the younger someone is, the brain and nervous system takes even longer to recover (Washburn 1). The most dangerous thing about concussions are that they are invisible meaning they are undetectable. The only symptoms are headaches, sleepiness or lack of focus. Doctors say that concussions are the most serious injury in sports and the most difficult to diagnose due to the fact that it is invisible (Washburn 2). The dangerous part about not being able to detect a concussion is that players resume playing and are three times more-likely to suffer another. Even if an athlete receives a concussion and returns too soon, that athlete is at risk of receiving the second impact syndrome which causes irreversible brain damage or even fatality. It has been reported that two young athletes in the nation die each year from concussions (Washburn 1). In New Jersey, it is also reported that 10,000 athletes suffer from sport related concussions, and 75,000 more are unreported. Although teenagers are more likely to receive one, many professional athletes were force to end their careers early as a result. Athletes such as Pat LaFontaine (National Hockey League) and Wayne Chrebet (National Football League) are primary examples of what concussions are capable of (Nowinski 63). These athletes may look the same but concussions are known to change personalities as a long-term affect. Most likely the greatest boxer of all time, Muhammad Ali must suffer the life-long consequences of the serious blows to the head (Washburn 2). Autopsys of dead NFL players have shown that concussions may also lead to psychological problems which includes suici de (Chandler 2). These injuries are far more dangerous than most even realize. The injury causes a lot of damage to the brain and can alter ones lifestyle. College football athlete David Showalter received a concussion during warmups before his Rutgers game. Because of this, he claims his grades had plummeted, his memory faltered, and had withdrew from college with partial amnesia. Schools and doctors should be more aware of this serious injury and should do more to prevent or aid those who need, such as Showalter whos life will never again be the same. A major issue today is the medical pension that professional athletes, such as NFL retirees, are not receiving. Only very few NFL players who retired due to a concussion injury are receiving full medical care and only 4 retirees have full life-time benefits from concussions out of 8,000. Player Agent Leigh Steinberg says concussions are an undiagnosed health epidemic and that the reason so many athletes are not receiving aid is because of three reasons. These reasons are that they either dont realize their later-life impairments were caused by the sport, they are too embarrassed to come forward, or the disability regulators need to be enlightened. Many ex-athletes are fighting for more support and feel that it is necessary because the sport is so dangerous. Approximately 61.5% of retired NFL players are receiving benefits, but only half of those receive pension (Chandler 1). It seems very unfair to those who were forced to retire due to injury and receive nothing, especially if they suffer brain damage. These players will not be able to have an occupation to support their families and the NFL should be there to help out. Ex-Minnesota Viking Brent Boyd claims that the NFL is fighting so hard, like how tobacco companies fought like hell to deny any link between smoking and cancer. Coach and Hall of Fame Tight End Mike Ditka is one of the most active retiree to fight for a better retirement system. Ditka feels that the retirement system is far from satisfying and that ex-players need more than what they are receiving now, if anything. Kevin Everett, who played for the Buffalo Bills just this year, received a devastating spinal cord injury that ended his career. Ditka argues for players such as Everett who should receive life-time support. Injured players receive injury settlements which provide less compensation, than those players would have earned if they remained healthy and finished the contract obligations (Sports Illustrated 3). Many feel that athletes now who earn hundreds of millions are set for life. This may be the case for some, but not all. In reality, most athletes have short careers and arent earning hundreds of millions. In fact they have a limited time to earn enough money to earn that will last them through their retirement. Most athletes must find a way to earn money after they retire, especially the injured ones. This is why many athletes need good pension plans to keep themselves along with their families supported if unable to find a job. The NFL pension plan was created in 1959. Back then the salaries were a lot different than today of course, but still not enough. The plan covered all active players that have been in the league for a minimum of 4 years. After 1992, the minimum number of years was decreased to only 3 years and full benefits were accessible to all at the age of 55 with minimum payout of 200 a month for each season played. Veteran Darrel Green, retired in 2002 after 20 seasons, will only receive $5,805 a month, which at this day and age is certainly not enough to support a full family and health concerns. Another veteran, Mike Webster, requested for full disability benefits in 1999 and was rejected. Because of this, Webster was forced into debt and out on the streets, homeless for a short time. Unfortunately Webster had died in 2002 as he suffered sever brain damage from playing in the NFL. After years of legal work, Websters estate sued the NFL and received $1.18 million. Although they won, it seemed too little, too late as Webster was denied the help and financial aid he should rightfully have gotten and died (Helfand 1). The NFL is not the only sport that has a retirement pension plan. The NBA also started one just 6 years after the NFL did. Just like the National Football League, the National Basketball Association based its pension on how many years the athletes have been in the league for. Benefits went mostly to those who have been in the NBA for over 3 years in 1965 but was revised in 1988 and extended coverage to the athletes who played at least 5 seasons before 1965. Those who played before 1965 received at least 100 dollars a month and those after 1965 received more than $200 a month. Sadly those numbers have not increased greatly over the years, it was moved to over $306 a month to all players equally (Helfand 1). As each week goes by, it seems as if there is more and more talk about pensions and benefits in the NFL. Mike Ditka is definitely one of the more vocal Hall of Famers, but by his side stand many retirees fighting with him for a greater cause. With the average NFL career lasting only roughly 3 seasons and some of those ending careers caused by injury, the pension system as of now will not fully support an athlete and his family (Sports Illustrated 1). Times have changed since the pensions were implemented and finances have changed as well. Necessities cost a lot more than what they used to and the pension plan should be updated to work hand in hand with todays finances. Many players may seem like they are living the sweet life, but when their short careers end, they dont have much to fall back on. Most retired players seem to land occupations that deal with football, like coaching, commentating or even scouting. If not, popular jobs are finance or real estate which brings in good money. It is easier said than done, as most NFL players dont have the education, experience or skills that ca n get them that job (Sports Illustrated 2). A certain percentage of the retired players arent so lucky as to having a chance at an after-football job. The few retired athletes who could have landed jobs before their NFL careers, now cannot due to severe brain damage or paralysis. These are the injuries that will ruin someones life and without the NFLs support, they will live in poverty for the rest of their lives. The effects of injuries in sports could be devastating. Although athletes may be lucky enough to overcome injuries physically, it can always come back to hurt them in the long run mentally or financially. Without pensions or benefits to help aid athletes financially, there is not much that can be done for support. In the near future, something must be done to change pension policies so that everyone is supported, not just a select few. Mike Ditka and followers will eventually succeed to changing retirement plans for athletes such as the NFLs for the better. Research Papers on The Effects of Injuries on Professional AthletesTrailblazing by Eric AndersonThe Hockey GamePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyStandardized TestingHip-Hop is ArtThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Effects of Television Violence on ChildrenIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Monday, November 4, 2019

Impact of globalization on Indian Capital markets Essay

Impact of globalization on Indian Capital markets - Essay Example The paper tells that the stock markets in the developing economies like India account for a significant share of the activities in the global markets. Lowering the barriers relating to the flow of international capital in the post liberalization period has enhanced the stock market liquidity. Liquidity plays an important role in spurring the long term growth opportunities. In the absence of liquidity many profitable opportunities had to be foregone as people were unwilling to block their funds for long span of time. The increased liquidity in the Indian capital markets has been facilitated through foreign participation in the form of equity. Increased capital flows in the country have helped in improving the production base of the country. By way of this the total savings is distributed across countries with high potential that lack the necessary financial back-up. As a result of globalization the economic progress of a country is not affected by fund constraints. Studies have shown that an active capital market complemented by a sound banking system stimulate economic growth. The foreign participation in a country can take various forms like foreign institutional investment or foreign direct investment. In India the bulk of the foreign investment is in the form of foreign portfolio investment. The growth rate in GDP is an important indicator of the impact of the strengthened capital markets and stable financial system. The GDP growth rate of India has increased from the lows to the extent that the country ranks among the fastest growing nations in the world.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Seating plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Seating plans - Essay Example Seating plans define the arrangements that teachers prefer to use to organize their pupils in class for easier management and with the intent to nurture perfect or near perfect peer relationships. This brings us to another aspect of children’s growing life: Peer Relationships (Ladd, 2005). Peer relationships refer to the connections that individuals in the same age group have and thus the influence that may occur as a result of these relationships. Among children, these relationships have a major influence in their development stages in life as they constitute the major influence in their behaviors, attitudes, skills and other various life skills that later come in to influence an individual’s adaptations during their life span. These relationships are very vital as they determine a child’s cognitive, emotional and social actions as the child undergo different growth stages in life. This is why when children aged between five and seven start attending school, the ir teachers should be very careful as to consider the factors that will ensure the children get good skills, and thus the aspect of seating arrangement comes in (Rose, and Rudolph, 2009). One aspect that the children’s teachers or handlers should ensure is that pupils with good relationships are close together while at the same time avoiding pupils with bad relationship sitting close together in a seating arrangement. This arrangement will ensure that the influence of bad norms or vices don’t spread further among kids, rather, good behavior traits will further spread among the children considered good and the same will start spreading in the children with bad relationships. This plays an important part in children’s growth as the development skills they eventually develop are keyed towards the brightness of the children’s future (Hastings, and Chantrey, 2002). Research indicates that childhood peer relationships mostly occur around activities like play an d other common doings associated to children. This brings us to another point in this essay of discussing about why children always prefer to play with the same gender. A theory that was once proposed by Sullivan in his theory, the Sullivan’s Theory of Personality Development, there comes a time when children develop stronger ties with peers of same sex or gender. This aspect in a child’s growth usually comes as the child is more determined to find his or her well being among his or her peers. The research states that this stage provides a validation period where the child is able to find out how the rest of the peers would rate him or her in form of caliber the child contains, kind of a validation as referred to a short while before. Incase this stage in a child’s growth is ignored, the child might not be confident enough in the future as he or she did not have the opportunity to know the competencies he or she had, or explained further simpler, didn’t h ave the opportunity to measure the acceptability he or she had from the peers as a small child. It is thus an important facet in the growth period of a child; the opportunity or choice of the child to play with same sex peer groups (Kernan, and Singer, 2011). Some of the advantages and disadvantages that would arise from predetermined seating arrangement by children handlers are here by outlined. These will help us have a judgment of whether this is a good act in