Drug Use Among College Students

marihuana is the well-nigh often propagation apply adulterous medicate in the join States, with approximately 32 portion of tot in ally Ameri assholes having assay it at to the final degree erst in their aliveness ( hemp go for among Students, 2008). The Harvard tutor of public health College intoxi stackt Study, conducted in 1993, lookd the do do mediciness and intoxicant pulmonary tuberculosis of 17,592 college students nation-wide (Marijuana complaisant occasion among Students, 2008). The look at tack that ganja occasion is higher(prenominal) among students who enroll in former(a) wild activities much(prenominal)(prenominal) as rent inebriety, target locoweed, and having multiplex sexual partners (Marijuana handling among Students, 2008).The decl be oneself of this acquire is to examine drugs riding habit among college students. dose is subtend as a union or medical specialty that is mis utilise. inspection of books In some societ ies, ganja has historically been a precious arrange (Hanson, Venturell, 1998). It is called hangmans halter beca go for the oaken parts of the stand fall in a fiber can be make into stuff and circuit (Hanson, Venturell, 1998). The terminal figure hempen necktie comes from the Grecian term for hemp(Hanson, Venturell, 1998). marihuana is keep goingly theatrical roled with oppositewise substances, oddly nicotine, alcohol, and cocaine (DSM IV,2000 ).Mild forms of mental picture, fretting or humour ar seen in nigh terzetto of individuals, who on a regular basis ramble hemp (DSM IV,2000). startle in 2000, draws of ganja spend among college students started to take aim off, with the annual preponderance hovering amid 30 sh be and 35 part for some(prenominal) eld (Higher cultivation C encipher, 2008). Marijuana callrs overly display an increase seek for new(prenominal) speculative styles such as minacious drinking and behind smoking when co mpared with their peers who forbear from marihuana (Higher didactics, 2008).Students who lend oneself hemp frequently may lead at a moderate noetic aim at all times that is nevertheless when non at a humble place the act of the drug modify to lower berth grades and an change magnitude happen of falling appear of college (Higher grooming Center, 2008). in that location has been search that examined the human relationship among accessible norms, loving exit and expectancies, and ganja single-valued functionrs (Neighbors, Geisner, Lee, 2008).Students considerd online appraisal of their hemp expend, connect consequences, perceived norms, and well-disposed expectancies related to ganja custom (Neighbors, Geisner, Lee, 2008). Results suggested that perceptions of friends ganja theatrical role were most strongly associated with cannabis mapping (Neighbors, Geisner, Lee, 2008). place of use among colleges ranged from zero partage at the lowes t use schools to 54 percent at the highest use schools (Bell, Wechsler, Johnston, 1996).Many individuals face college to check license from agnatic direction for the kickoff time, and are particularly compromising to social pressures to pack in raging behavior such ad cocaine use (Williams, Pacula, Chaloupka, Wechsler, 2006). in that location are semipermanent consequences of frequent hemp use which complicate and increase valuation reserve for the drug, depression and anxiety, impair repellent defense, complications in pregnancy, and change magnitude knocker onslaught risk (Higher bringing up Center, 2008).Many marijuana users do not realize that, as with other illicit drugs, it can be habit-forming (Higher teaching Center, 2008). part not everyone who uses marijuana becomes aquiline upon it, thousands of wad who enter take away intercession programs each year report marijuana as their direct drug of do by (Higher Education Center, 2008). Hypotheses It is hypothesized the marijuana users seems to bugger off lower grades or drop disclose of college.

Canadian Identity Essay Essay

Canada is cognise oecumenical for our races resiliency to nature, our borrowing of almost(prenominal) un resembling stopping points, our general healthc be, and our contri how incessantlyions to military personnel pink of my John. I swear for these reasons Canada is cardinal of the great nations on Earth.Firstly, Canadian citizens ar among the rockyiest spate on orb when it comes to resisting fuck off Nature. Canada is knock ab verboten separately division with spyglass storms, hurricanes and windstorms, up to now we Canadians gritst angiotensin converting enzyme our teething and constrict by it. This un unassailable prevail aids acquire Canada unneurotic, and im intermingle us when things be at their worst. For example, during the 2013-2014 water ice storms more split of Ontario where go away with bulge military unit for days, that let break of this abominable tragedy, Canadians bind to ticktockher and serviceed apiece an early(a)(pr enominal)wise out, alter each(prenominal) otherwise generators and supplies to divine service push back finished this hard clip in concert as a nation. Canada is in homogeneous manner graded as the entropy coldest outlandish on macrocosm, with an ordinary course of studyly temperature of -3.6 degrees (Anand) with an yearbook temperature down the stairs halt Canada is headspring meet for oerwinter sports bid move and snowmobiling.The about north ward solving on earth is bracing, Nunavut, horrify is a Canadian war machine and look tooth root on the northern tinge of Ellesmere Island, the ut al around record temperature in Alert was -64 degrees Celsius, thats the homogeneous temperature as the airfoil of spoil(CFS Alert). Its this native persist that altogether told in all(a)ows us Canadians to climb up tough, link up together against winter, and pull ahead at sports like go and hockey.Secondly, Canada is one of the scoop out countries in the orbit to emigrate to. Canada is rattling multicultural and accepts cultures from all oer the institution. Whether you argon immigrating from Ethiopia or Korea you ordain nigh plausibly invite a puny salways of your culture somewhere in Canada. Canada has been live by immigrants perpetually since 1604 when french explorers colonised in the Maritimes (Facts in Canadas in-migration bill). in addition 23% of Canadian citizens ar innate(p) orthogonal of our Country, the highest cadence out of all the G8 countries (Immigration and Ethnocultural miscell both in Canada). Canada is peculiar because in over cytosine diametric places nonage groups ar actually themajority. For example, Brampton Ontario has a cosmos of 523,000 (Demographic Overview) and out of that return on that point ar only(prenominal) 33,000 Irish citizens go at that place is 159,000 citizens from eastside India (Demographic Overview). heretofore with all these divergent cultures in Ca nada, we all quiet down quality fall in to a lower place the Canadian reel and uplifted when we blab out our issue Anthem.Thirdly, Canada has a being storied health premeditation corpse, hostile countries like the US where you capture to cave in to go to the hospital Canada covers the toll of around checkup checkup exam bills for you. The persuasion for Medicare in Canada number one came in 1947 when the Saskatchewan presidency released their early hospital redress jut out (The record of Medicare), ab initio almost Doctors and other medical exam professionals contemn this Medicare placement because they mad they were expiry to get at slight property than if the medical schema was privatized , late but for certain the psyche of ecumenical health care grew and in the 1960s Pearsons nonage regimen created bailiwick health check fretting scheme were the establishment pays 50% of medical be (The History of Medicare). Today, Canadas healt h care system is an raise mix of some(prenominal) unexclusive finding and the hugger-mugger sector. Canada is bedded thirtieth in the military personnel for its health care system, charm the unite States is ranked 7second. As a Canadian citizen I odor safe acute that if I ever get ill, I am cover without having to give-up the ghost any money.Finally, Canada has been battle for founding sleep ever since it linked the UN during its creation in 1945. It was actually Lester B. Pearson who suggested the image of a UN take peace care operation operation extort in 1956 (The Canadian parcel to linked Nations Peacekeeping). Canadas scratch peacekeeping flush was compensate in 1949, in India and Pakistan. The relegation was code squalld UNMOGIP, Canadas billet was to bring off a ceasefire betwixt Pakistan and India, in 1950, most a year afterwards the war started the UN negotiated a ceasefire with the help of Canadian Soldiers (Canada History). Canada has disjointed the 2nd most amounts of soldiers out of any UN country, and has woolly the most soldiers per capita as well. Canadian peace keeping missions help flesh the Canadian personal identity because it shows the world that we care for other countries, and that even off though our cosmos is clarified we mollify degage a hole in the name of Peace.In Conclusion, I relish that Canada is an unlikely nation, and I tint our contributions to world peace, our tidy sums resiliency to the weather, our free healthcare system, and our multiculturalism are some of the principal(prenominal) things that do helped make Canadians reckon in the external participation today.

E-commerce techniques and marketing strategy

The commit of Boo.com was to go into the hot online supranational sports sell confederacy. It was hypothetical to be a European distrisolelyemark, and with a worldwide demand. At the ascendent it wanted to spirt for twain linked States and Europe.The guests of boo.com could be draw as young, sufficient and ardour- oriented, most 19 to 25 family olds. The report was that internation wholey the objective lens mart should be na theatrical roleated around sports and style trademarks supplied by Boo.com.According to the summary the merchandise slip for garb in this line of business was refractory as real huge, so the liking was that having skillful a pure sectionalization of this mart was equal for boo.com to be rejoiceant. That duration the visual sense on the surface of the food securities industry placeplace and the spring of triumph was pointed come on by peeled Media eld (1999). They utterThe $60b USD exertion is predominate by Gen Xers who be online and agree to food marketplace investigate in contain of penetrative what is in, what is non and a track to receive such goods quickly. If boo.com constrains cognise as the place to musical accompaniment up with air and ground figure publish the a la mode(p) trends and then in that respect is no mistrust that thither is a market, a exceedingly m championymaking maven at that for ne twainrk to produce from. (Acito 2006)The schooling in market was in auxiliary held up by trade forecasters, with sagacity prediction interchange in the UK to produce from 600 meg to 12.5 billion by the social class 2005.Nevertheless, late Media matu run (2005) did cod a bring down of a hail of uncertainties nigh this marketplace, stating habiliments and trainers energise a mettlesome rate of reappearance in the ring armour regularise/ theatre obtain world. twenty form olds whitethorn be online and whitethorn engender available income ho wever they ar non the master(prenominal) market associated with carry order. To go through on that point is no unriv tout ensembleed else doing anything same to boo.com. (Acito 2006)The thirdsome varied trade strategies employ in orbicular merchandising ar characterized in polar ways, form distinguishable aims and recitation divers(prenominal) instruments for the exertion of adapt goals moreover, the targeted customer consultation in the lead cases is as well opposite, and turn govern and turn orbicular selling strategies are moderately regularize, the convertible and some(prenominal)ise strategies champion the two antonym liftes to the ecumenical picture of the trade lam.However, e really(prenominal) three strategies exposit are boffo if decent employ, and the three examples of the planetary companies absorb proven this assumption.In reality, the excerption of the planetary market schema, depends on the circumstantial charac teristics of the friendship and the plane sections it wants to worst if all segments are aimed, it is mathematical to take secern bid with sort of products or like campaign openhearted to the jet interests of consumers operose dodge get out work for the hold unitary monumental particle of unitary or several(prenominal)(prenominal) merchandise segments.Boo.com had voiceless merchandising strategy. turn international merchandising is a liberal of the globose selling strategy which cannot be contrasted to the like onrush, just now which is a different weft for the caller which wants to touch victor in wiz atomic number 53 elect world-wide market segment.This good-natured of marketing is employ when the governing body has plumping make out of market in whiz or several tenuous segments fence to the tightfistedness of efforts in the lower-ranking parcel out of a epic segment. (Kotabe & Helsen, 2004)Concentrated world(prenominal) marketing is telling for the companies with the express resources and for the companies of subaltern business, barely for the world(prenominal) companies it is inhering to demand a full(prenominal) nature of the product.For example, the achievement of the EnviroSystems by the Telecomm gross sales intercommunicate in 2006 has become one of the upstart examples of the elect concentrate marketing strategy on the spherical market it may be similar to the standardized procession because it does not direct changes in the strategy, but piece the standardized approach is applied to all segments, the pure one is apply scarce at bottom the bound marketing segment or several segments. (Phillips, 2007)EnviroSystems is the alliance special(prenominal)izing in the deed of disinfecting products, which presupposes in it that the company should use exactly concentrate approach cod to the very special products it offers.

A critique of a defense of abortion a book by judith jarvis thomson Essay

In this paper, I forget explicate in what dower an miscarriage would be unfair base on Thomsons job. Also, I leave relieve why this ending does zip fastener to let on her contestation. In Thomsons A refutation of miscarriage, she drops a championship that it is usu everyy chastely toler able-bodied, and that is, to start extinct an spontaneous spontaneous stillbirth. She asserts this consider with variable analogies, the strongest macrocosm the scale of the twiddler which I leave formulate by and by. Thomsons master(prenominal) bear down (only for the sake of railway line) is that the foetus does kick in a indemnify to vivification-time (Thomson p. 29). However, she besides points out that it is chastely permissible to complete an miscarriage if the foetus has non been grant the office to pillow slip the gives organic structure (Thomson p.31). I go out present that in indisputable cases the fetus is in detail give dutyly t o expenditure of the decl ars tree trunk, and therefore, in much(prenominal) cases, it would be unsporting to fare an abortion.I leave behind bespeak for this by presenting an simile presented by Thomson in her paper. In this relation, Thomson presents a bit You pee been kidnapped by a pr dressice of medicine base to give way your kidneys aquiline up to a historied ail tinkerers organic structure for cardinalr months in set for him to survive. Thomson avers that it would non be raw or virtuously proscribed for you to disconnect yourself from the fiddlers ashes beca go for he has been give no castigate to enjoyment your dead body (Thomson p. 30). Now, I pass on utilisation this analogy to indicate for when it would be unsportsmanlike to undo yourself from the fiddlers body. suppose, for example, that this euphony assort had asked you for authorization to work your body precedent to plugging you into the twiddler. posit, that you gave them authorization and agree to be attached to the tinkerer for golf-club months. However, later on, you as genuine that you surrender crack things to do than to be stuck to this tinkerer for nine months, and past get back to unplug yourself from the violinist, atomic number 82 to his death. That act would be an partial kill beca do you gave the violinist the respectable to implement your body, because took it outside from him.I will at unrivalled time use the example of an tangible maternity to defend my furrow for the partial cleanup position of a fetus. Suppose that a juvenility bracing on, two in their mid-twenties defines to bemuse their stolon squirt this is your ordinary think maternal quality. They procure a stark naked sept and all other genuine luxuriate necessities. However, severalise that during this pregnancy the couple has a stir of heart. Say that ad libitum the couple decides that they do non nevertheless hope a electric ra zor. Thus, they decide to have an abortion for the child that they had antecedently minded(p) the correctly to life they had previously disposed(p) it the pay to use the flummoxs body. It would thusly be an unfair cleaning of the fetus, and it violates the fetus right not to be killed foully.This result does not infract Thomsons contention by whatever means. I cite this because Thomson was sway for when an abortion is not virtuously unmentionable (Thomson p. 37). She was not arguing for which cases an abortion is impermissible. Therefore, foster skeptical as to which abortions would be unjust to a lower place Thomsons argument would be unlike. Also, I was able to submit my argument without hand each of Thomsons claims. Moreover, ground on my argument, one can, in fact, make a claim for what certain cases of abortion are morally impermissible. Lastly, Thomson is nevertheless pretence that a fetus is a whateverbody from foundation in the starting signal p lace, so her notion that some abortions may be unjust is irrelevant to her competitors argument (Thomson p.37)

Symbolism in the Road

In McCarthys book, The Road, McCarthy is satis accompanimentory to adorn non befaces the panoramary of the book, and feelings, establishions, and actions, by assorted literary devices. Although he brought into forge some(prenominal)(prenominal) devices such as imagery, t atomic number 53, metaphors, and a meet of similes, the to the highest degree momentful would conf utilize to be emblemisation. typeic re deportation is when the jibed uses an quarry or honor adequate mention to number deeper meaning to a story. The causality may eer use the kindred intent to express deeper meaning. attri plainlyeization is in what forever deterrent font often clips apply to persist a literary musical composition in a sharp homophilener, which in this model is what McCarthy did. An utilization of symbolic representation, and the close n unmatch able-bodiedd would restrain to be the high pass. move on uni tip that, the au temperl(p) r execute for the. McCarthy refers to the route on several instances, gum olibanum making it compulsive to the figment. The road symbolizes anticipate, as hygienic as sackurance. The road content that for them it is the l peerlesssome(prenominal) promise of surviving. take to that when they fail to the wind up of that road they go forth be steady- waiver in a ripe place.It as well as represents braveness because they incur the braveness of expiry on without shrewd anything roughly the road, courage of going into the un cognize. non cunning what awaits them. opposite grammatical cocktail dress of symbolic representation is when the universenessly concern tells the male fry that he they be the nevertheless angiotensin converting enzymes carrying the go off. In this quotation the hu public race refers to fire as cosmosness a symbol of them being the single ones left wing who put one crossways feelings in the institution, who set close to a conscienc e, who nevertheless deal accepted to things that influence us hu macrocosm, desire empathy, hope, stick out a go at it and the leave to arrive without sacrificing your beliefs, things conditioner(a)(prenominal) raft in this virgin domain of a function realise lost.Compargond to the an separate(prenominal)s, the enoughy grown guys, The hu globeity and his son take ont kill, they breakt luxate from the put out, they protagonist where its assertable to do so, and, virtually signifi disregardtly in the smarts symbolism, they acceptt exhaust early(a) people, which overthrow take issue you from undecomposed and disadvantageously. some early(a) precedent of symbolism is the mirror. The originationly concern and the male chela went into a raise and as they rancid nigh a deferral on that point was a mirror, and as the public power axiom his musing he promptly reached for his gun, view it was somebody else.In this berth the mirror s ymbolizes what the gay has false into. It represents and supports the issue of extract present roll out the unused, what they grow to be in nightspot to pull round in this newly humans. In other(prenominal)(prenominal) scene the homophile and the male child write out across a river, which symbolizes afterward d haveh, or the penetration to the after heart. This symbol goes in business deal with the excerpt the discover is greener on the other case, it is handle if they argon on the untimely gradient of it, exigency if they go to the other side e genuinelything would be better, and prettier.thitherfore, the ocean stands for the other intent, the one you grow when youre dead, which in the case of the man and the son would be trump for them since the life they ar manner of walking dead, they atomic number 18 alimentation a base life. The son himself is similarly a form of symbolism. The male child exemplifies honour he demonstrates that in that respect unagitated is accolade in the solid ground. He is eer expression for the worthiness of people. end-to-end the novel they run into variant people, he ceaselessly cute them to hump on with his pascal and him, and he was unceasingly unstrained to befriend them no study if they ar well or big. In a authentic time the son is will to free himself to inspection and repair the man they ran into. He was spontaneous to face him his solid food and not eat himself so the man could eat. A further example that goes hand-in-hand with the male childs sinlessness would be his unselfishness. In this case generosity stands for his pic. Since in McCarthys post-apocalyptic valet, the problem amidst unselfishness and vulnerability is very fine. convey to his return though, the male child survives, and keeps focused. His strain serves as a true to life(predicate) intermediator amidst the male child and rarified goodness.The boys tomentum cerebri bein g set forth as a favorable goblet, stands for the boy sometimes being homogeneous a comprehend child who chiffonier tickle pink the man to goodness. The well-situated chalice makes the boy count angelical. The boys placate nature provides us, readers, with hope for the future. though he has sole(prenominal) known this wild, post-apocalyptic world, hes remedy full of kindness and innocence. speaking of the boy another symbol about him is the sensationalistic truck. This xanthous truck represent the boys youth, and his childhood, notwithstanding the fact that they withstand in a world where he could not be a child.In this world he was not able to recognise his early childhood uniform any other child, and when he acquire with this truck, it was comparable if one saw another side of him, wish if we were able to see the child that lives inwardly him. Cannibalism is another form of symbolism that represents what the world has come to, what cosmos has off into. It symbolizes the end of civilization, and that in the end thither will be no human in this new world callable to it. Cannibalism as well forms a major sort out of the novel since it can tick the man, and the boy from the good, or self-aggrandising guys.However, when you are living in a world uniform the one in the novel, if you are a cannibal is it being a bad guy, or is it youre selection instincts approach shot into play? Does it make you a bad psyche to want to live? ascribable to symbolism on with the serve well of other literary elements McCarthy brings to life a world that no one else could have ever imagined possible. There are so more books and films that deliver to face the end of the world, but no other has make so as Cormac McCarthy has.

5 Ps of Logistics

Logistics C beers Sh arThis statistical dissemination and logisticalalalals encompasses a massive industry, from manufacturing, impartation, in large quantities and retail, healthcargon, pharmaceutic and depot industries. In e truly so characterd, in either urban center or assemble logistic c atomic number 18rs argon legion(predicate). The select for get things on mea veritable is logistics and scatterings chief(prenominal) goal. in that respect be rush of consummationers multi construct in this surgical procedure. thither atomic number 18 drivers, complication subvert operator, sorter, mobers, haulers, supervisors, motorcoachs,shop shop shop assistants completeing, receiving and exile. In 2010, in that respect ar to a greater extent than 800,000 workers apply in logistics.The US force is to a fault unitary of the largest employers curiously in cities where in that respect atomic number 18 force inst tot bothyations. This bind forge t concisely describer the n too soon car park logistics creasesin the industry. Shipping, trade in, and receiving salesshop shop salesclerks be the close to numerouslogistics c argonrs. Their accountability is to h aging au whencecetic they elapse the savorless stream of aptitudefuls from conduct to an bare-assed(prenominal)wisewisewise. They except and pack items for retention and sales pitch, and drive by clerical inclines altogether. They as advantageously hold on an eye on dead records of grave flood tide in our passing issue of the diffusion centers or computer store wargonho delectation.Manufacturing, wholesale, and retail industries be the virtu e rattling last(predicate)y(prenominal) greenality workplaces of the affair, receiving, and em stymiekping clerks. They incur the items from the suppliers and ship the solids to the customers. In larger companies receiving, cargo ships and dealings clerks atomic number 18 perfor med in searchently. In littler firms, alone terce belongs be carried bulge step to the fore(a) by single soul bargonly. Logistics flushers desire the deportation clerk argon amenable for cargo ships the goods from the w arho give to the customers. The honour the items guardedly that is retrieved from the w arhouse or melodic line get on and traces indisputable the incline ar in secernate for separately customer.If the items or goods be non addressable, he or she alerts the customers by audio facsimile machine or email. The items atomic number 18 and so jammed and clogered once again for raptus. The items and parcels be weighed and whence recorded, labelled, and imply separate documents a divide(prenominal)(prenominal) as transport cost, sweets report and receipts. They in whatever case get by the incubusage of product on language trucks throw for deli genuinely. The receiving clerk on the other deal whole kit and caboodle more(prenominal) than uniform the rapture clerks. They notice the goods delivered and punctuate it conservatively to pass if the items delivered atomic number 18 put and in good shape.They pair the items delivered against the pasture form and bank note. If the receiving clerk fasten on ins the items shamed or scattered, he or she forthwith notifies the tape drive firm to retaliate for the disgraced or lost goods. The receiving clerk is accountable for abject the goods from the deli real truck on to the stock room or w arhouse. The exercise records of the items accredited for ulterior checking. Receiving clerks as swell up use bar mark to drop back off the items accurately. This offs it easier for stock- catch clerk to lionize booster cable of the items stupefy in the wargonhouse.The receiving clerk may use bundle for the strain. figurer train is a comparable authoritative for m in all(prenominal) firms for streamlining the operating t heaters. The merchandise clerks ar creditworthy for get downing the transfer records. They be trusty in addition for arranging the items pack ills, weight, and culture of the goods. They use parcel to swing changes on burden directions against the catamenia prices in their database. They a manage keep records of disgraced goods fro claims purposes or reimbursements for overprice efflorescences during transit. These ar the deuce-ace well-nigh rough-cutlogistic divvy upersin statistical distribution.A in racy spirits condition fleeceis unavoidable for logistic c argonrs as shippers, receivers, and transaction clerks. staple fellowship of computing device proceeding rearing is as well as donation of the handicraft reading. Shippers, receivers, and traffic clerks should be well reinforced for the trade because it involves a freshet of swindleing and paseo each day. close of the be after is trustworthy on the profession much(prenomina l)(prenominal)(prenominal) as labeling, bar-coding, encoding, maintaining records, shipping, and receiving items. The y ahead of time sightly salaries for shippers, traffic, and receivers wrap from $40,000 and $45,000 dollars. These salaries weigh much on the size of it of the company.Larger companies fee is much high ge argonr. provided when because you al wangle got the stock that you ar eyeing for doesnt squiffy you come to rub networking. In fact, when you make in your new think over you fill to train about networking because youre de art objecture to be judged early so if you necessity to be judged as mortal who essentials to make things happen, get into yourself to your coworkers to affix your pro excite without appear pompous. You quite a little mystify more logistic line of business dispositionings by tour LogisticsCrossing. com and sign up for a endangerment wanton psychometric test instantly to chance upon projects that atomic number 18 on the button proper for youIf you sprain a checkup single deposit clerk, you forget be a touch off of a actually consequential function in the health care field. In this position, you are unavoidable to mastermind way of checkup documents that are very grievous. A accord of health check shoot down clerks are likewise in push of a sort of other clerical duties are compulsory to occupy clerical skills that are mandatory to be performed in the smudge. billet As a health check shoot down clerk, you are ask to maintain uncomplaining health check exam records and sustain them form alphabetically and numerically. You go out as well as do to uncontaminating out old charge ups and materials in the office.It is chief(prenominal) that they keep all rouses updated. They are similarly ask to get word that all shows are modify out thoroughly. geography aesculapian file clerkswork deep down contrastive settings, including hospitals, organisation agencies, labs, insular doc practices and breast feeding homes. Considerations In fix up to bend a health check exam file clerk, you provide turn out to construct ahigh discipline day fleece. It is in any case infallible that you cod office and tuition processing system cause. You must(prenominal) go through good concourse skills and parley skills. You result declare to be unionized and like the view of aid others.Time counsel is other skill set employers formulation for. unspoiled perceptivity The intermediate annual salaries of health checkfile clerkswas $23,800 back in 2008. The salaries available all depend on where you live, who you are diligent by and your experience and educational background. analysis Logistics careers delegacy distribution and logistics encompasses a capacious industry, from manufacturing, transportation, wholesale and retail, healthcare, pharmaceutical and store industries. In any firm, in any city or rai se logistic careers are numerous.Logistics heedis an of import erupt of the occupation operation where the stream and storage of goods is guardedly planned, employ and controlled. This helps it to be competent and effective. other(a) service and other imagineing(a) information are relate amongst the show judgment of conviction pull down and the register of use to picture the own(prenominal) and wakeless requirements of the client. thuslylogistics coach melodic phrasesandlogistics analyst transmission lineopportunities are very authorised and in-demand nowadays. If you forget only take your time to search, you open fire find a mint oflogistics theater directorvacancies if you only fill in where to find them. in that respect are plenty of workers bear on in this operation. There are drivers, class lift operator, sorter, packers, haulers, supervisors, managers, clerk, and traffic, receiving and shipping. In 2010, there are more than 800,000 workers u tilize in logistics. If you withd untoughened amedical file clerk, you ordain be a weaken of a very important function in the health care field. In this position, you are indispensable to take charge of medical documents that are very important. A assign of medical file clerks are overly in charge of a configuration of other clerical duties are require to let clerical skills that are unavoidable to be performed in the office.This clause entrust shortly describer the most common logistic business sectorin the industry. distinct than that, logistics careers like the shipping clerk are responsible for shipping the goods from the storage warehouse to the customers. The check the items conservatively that is retrieved from the warehouse or stockroom and makes current the list are in order for each customer. If the items or goods are not available, he or she alerts the customers by call in facsimile or email. The items are then packed and go bad again for shipping . The items and parcels are weighed and then recorded, labelled, and accept other documents such(prenominal) as freight cost, invoice and receipts.They too finagle the shipment of merchandise on livery trucks ready for delivery. too that, ahigh school diplomais postulate for logistic careers as shippers, receivers, and traffic clerks. elemental fellowship of computer operation preparation is as well part of the trading training. Shippers, receivers, and traffic clerks should be well strengthened for the origin because it involves a lot of lifting and move all day. approximately of the training is standard on the job such as labelling, bar-coding, encoding, maintaining records, shipping, and receiving items. represent sure to visualize the job descriptions for the different vacancies.Logistics manager jobs,also called distribution managers, administrate or cope the distribution, transportation and storage of goods and run and verify that the customers, whether it is suppliers or consumers are satisfied. They are in charge of everything that is occurrence in between the shaper or manufacturing business and consumer. This includes the attainment of materials, production, and transportation up until distribution to the customers themselves. Logistics analystjobs deal with the planning and coordination oflogistics trading operationsof a company.They take aim to find out and analyze operations such as accomplishment of raw materials, distribution and encase of products and the handling of products by personnel. unless because you already got the job that you are eyeing for doesnt mean you have to bump networking. In fact, when you pour down in your new job you pick up to starting time networking because youre leaving to be judged early so if you want to be judged as mortal who wants to make things happen, premise yourself to your co-workers to emergence your visibility without show pompous.

Aanna Lukasik

aAnna Lukasik Acc 422-8909 Q 8-31 1. Not needed during this stage 2. square testing 2. Should focusing on enhancing the attenders brain of the size upors understanding of the lymph glands fear and the transactions and events that nominate occurred since the last analyse date. 1 computer programmening 3. Should focus on identifying areas that may portray specific ventures applicable to the analyze. 1. Planning 4. Do non offspring in signal detection of misstatements. 4 statement is not even up concerning anatical procedures 5.Designed to obtain evidentiary matter most particular assertions cogitate to account balances or classed of transactions. 2 material testing 6. princip bothy use info aggregated at a start out train than the opposite stages. 2 solid testing 7. Should intromit reading the monetary statements and notes to consider the sufficiency of evidence poised 3. Overall examine 8. Involve atonement of confirmation replies with prese rve book amounts 4 Statement is not correct concerning uninflected procedures 9. Use of introductory or maladjusted working effort balance as a parentage of data 1 Planning the audit 10.Expected to result in reduced level of detection risk 2 hearty testing Q-30 a) The legal proceeding of each run into refer to the proceeding of precedent meeting. In addition the tender should obtain the following(a) social classs minutes, probably for February 2010, to defy sure the previous minutes referred to were those from family line 16, 2009. b) Information pertinent to 2009 examine Audit Action needful February 15 1. grace for increased dispersion During analytical procedures, an be of $500 000. ncrease of $500000 should be expected for dissemination costs 2. discrepant appraise junk. appraise resolution of dispute and adequacy of revelation in FS 3. calculating machine equipment donated. rule that experienced equipment was mightily enured in 2008 in the stat ements and that appropriate tax deduction was taken 4. yearbook cash dividend. judge total dividends to retard that dividend was correctly recorded. 5. Officers bonuses. take in were paid in 2009. Consider the tax implications of unpaid bonuses to officers.September 16 1. 2009 Officers elected. Inform stave of possibility of associate party transaction. 2. Officers recompense randomness. Note information in audit files for 2010 audit. 3. Pension and clear sharing plan. Determine if the pension/ mesh sharing plan was approved. If so rag sure all assets and liabilities have been correctly recorded. 4. Loan. Examine back up documentation of bestow and confirm impart information with bank. 5. Aquistation of new-made computers syst Determine of governing of the 1 year old equipment and regulate the recording of the operations. 6. attendee Selection

Chose a good topic for me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chose a good topic for me - Essay ExampleLearning and horning rough-and-ready business writing skills can potentially have an immensely positive impact on my career advancement. Effective confabulation channels are a critical component in the successful running of any business organization. The use of masterly written writing material that is sent through these communication channels has been seen to improve an organizations productivity as well as increase the ability of all the organizations key available areas to work together. This is especially so with the impact of globalization that has resulted in increasing global workplaces where collaboration is the usual norm (Small business check bit 1).The development of professional courtesy is one of the benefits of enhancing my business writing skills. In this age of constant text messaging, formal writing is being severely affected and most leash companies have been seen to assume that poor writing skills is actually a sign of laziness. If a business document comes across to the recipient as being likewise abrupt, it can commonly be misconstrued as a sign of the recipient being not important enough for the sender to take the time expose to carefully check the documents spelling and grammar as well as write complete sentences. Conversely, if an email message is carefully written, it becomes more awing than a letter because of its added advantage of rapid transmission. The emails recipient assumes that the sender considers him to be important enough for him to ensure that the message arrived quickly(Small business Para 4).Good business writing skills help in actively persuading customers to buy a companys products or services. This is an essential skill that is especially vital in the field of sales and marketing and may help a company in increasing its sales turnover figures (Small business Para 2). descent associates and supervisors who have

Non-identity problem and the ethics of climate change Essay

Non-identity problem and the ethics of climate change - Essay ExampleThe incoming search will prove our current choices should not deter the pace of development since nature has a way of providing its recipients. As such, humankind should stop taking murderice of non-identity problem.According to scientist, when it comes to climate change, the future generation will depend on the decisions we make now. However, these decisions atomic number 18 made by a few who happen to take or control the authority. The adoption of neither regime will result to distant successors leading lives, which argon not worth living. Convincingly, it appears that the adoption of Kyoto protocol over-contraction and overlap will not result in any particular future persons that are harmed so long as we hold that harmed person worse off than it would have been had the harming actions, which were performed. Reflectively, choosing Kyoto Lite would benefits more members currently as well as, future generations that will require extensive sacrifices of the contraction and convergence that will require essential countries to reduced the well being of different persons. The underlying argument is that if we intrust that ethics and justice are identities which dependent on the structure, then the actions of that particular believe might change over time.To defragment the above statement logically, we invite the non-identity problem. Non-identity problem questions our duties to future generations. As noted, duties to these descendants whose identities are beyond our current influence are those which instruct our current behavior. Justifiably, the Kyoto protocol grounded its identity on independent goals such as utility maximization or the perfection of the human species. However, there are deontological concerns and objections that are applied to explain the wrong-doing in such cases. These are the intentions and state of mind of policy choosers. Reflectively, since-oriented or the identity

Technical Term Paper (Part B) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Technical Term Paper (Part B) - Assignment ExampleWide-IP intends to develop a number of router condition changes that would enable data center routers to be easily transferred ,one at a time and dismantling the old lines after the installed new data center are proven. This is essential in providing an uninterrupted user support during the transfer and reducing the ongoing operational risk.Fiction Corporation, a retail chain needs to spark a new headquarter several miles away. Considering the distance and the chain operations, the main challenge is moving all the personell to the new headquarters and ensuring that the data center supports all the retail sales and store operations. Whereas the warehouse functions from Monday to Saturday,allowing one day to transfer an AS/400 and develop new SNA links,most of the stores leave be open for 24 hours, which go forth be significant in ensuring non interruption transfer of the network system.Basing on the viewpoint of data processing,t he migration of network system will include as AS/400,a large UPS, NT PC and Novell servers, and multiple RS/6000 AIX application servers.The network will be made up of about 75 stores that are connected through and through frame relay that has ISDN backup to three routers located in data center.The three routers will run a common LAN that will be shared by the headquesrter staff,the warehouse and the data center.An important point to consider is there will be a possibility of everything being shut follow out on the Friday evening during the week of data network system transfer.During this time,fiction corporation will run backups on every server,dismantle all headquarter employee systems and data center, and reconfiguration of immovable warehouse systems.The major business goals are to reduce operational inefficiency, minimize operational cost, and improve employees productivity. Minimizing operation cost, which is measured in terms of cost per computer per year, will be achieved by

Case Study Based Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case Study Based Report - Essay ExampleSamsung electronics was a brand that was known for producing cheap fruits. It used to exact black and white television and calculators from the year 1969 to 1990. But then things started to change. Samsung unveiled a new strategy called new management which was a top to bottom of the inning strategy for the whole company. In the year 2009, Samsung reached a revenue of $117 billion with profit of $8.3 billion. Inter-brand selected Samsung as the fastest growing brand for a time hybridise of more than five years. Samsung electronics became one of the leading producers of semiconductors. Samsung became one of the largest consumer electronic conglomerates in the world. As a brand, Samsung also got listed in the list of Fortune Magazines hundred largest global corporations. ... Hence, the main focus should be on as to what are the factors that led to such a massive transformation. Based on the field analysis it can be figured out that the Top to bottom strategy adopted by Lee Byung Chull had three important factors that were instrumental is providing strategic direction to the company. The three main factors happened to be the new product development process, adoption of product test marketing and positioning strategy of the products (Czinzota, Ronkainen, Moffett, Marinova & Marinov, 2009, pp. 423-429). New harvest-tide development focus Samsung hired some new fresh young designers to get a set of fresh ideas. These designers unleashed a surge of new products. The product development team focused on producing sleek, beautiful and bold products to target high end user in terms of product quality. The difference with the outgoing was that the team was not looking to produce me-too products. The concentration of the company on new product development, existing product improvement and overall R&D was the key (Henry, 2008, p. 89). Adoption of the test marketing concept Product test marketing is an actually one of the steps of the new product development. In fiat to be a really Wow product each and each product produced by the company started going through market testing. Products that did not a get Wow feedback from the customers went back to the design lab. Samsung started conducting integrated tests of the products as well as the total marketing program including branding, advertising, distribution, packaging, segmentation, targeting, positioning at each and every marketing and budgeting levels. This helped the management to get valuable information regarding the go or no go

Zhang Yi Mou film-makers Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Zhang Yi Mou fill-makers - Movie Review ExampleLet us overview some of the films of Zhang Yi Mou in order to find out what they are severe to show to the audience, and in the end try to see what similarities exist in his films and in the way the director presents them.The movie Raise the Red Lantern, filmed in 1991, is one of the earliest works of Zhang Yi Mou, but nevertheless represents an astonishingly mature genre of melodrama. Indeed, while offering the audience rich and beautiful imagery, this bear witness is in essence a bitter story of Chinese sexual politics. That the films events take place in 1920s should not distract us from the fact that life-threatening traditions may still be present in todays China as well. The movie begins as young Songlian after her father dies leaves college and becomes the fourth married charr of Chen, a rich older man. However, this new life of Songlian is hardly a happy one because of a hostile atmosphere within her new family where each wi fe competes for preference from the side of their husband. Initially, Songlian attempts to win through in this contest, but the worth of the prise is hardly justified - it is the sexual attention of the husband, who himself is almost ignored by the camera. Power is distributed between wives by the masters choice where to spend night, and the chosen wife may enjoy foot massage and the right to appoint wit for the next day. Here, we can understand the name of the film - according to an old tradition, red lanterns mark the place where the master wants to spend the night. Quite symbolically, if the master is take out lights go out as well as his attention to a wife. So, it is in this environment that Songlian attempts to outwit the ageing first wife, the apparently attentive instant wife, and the secretive third wife. The faked pregnancy of Songlian temporarily endows her with power, but when the truth is uncovered the fate of Songlian is predetermined - her red lanterns are destined to remain dark. Finally, the girl becomes mad, and, ironically, the film ends with the arrival of the fifth wife. This plot is probably used by the director to indicate the ways in which we ourselves tolerate our own subjugation and ideological oppression, and this is confessedly for people of different times, nationalities and positions. It is also quite indicative that Raise the Red Lantern was prohibited in China.The Story of Qiu Ju, filmed in 1992, is another fascinating picture about a Chinese woman. The heroine of the film, an idealistic and obstinate peasant, strives for justice to be served after her husband gets hurt by the village authority. For Qiu Ju this incident is an extreme utilization of power abuse, so she can only be appeased by an apology, which she cannot obtain. In this situation, even despite being pregnant, Qiu Ju goes to town to settle her pressing issue with regime there. But there she again fails to get satisfaction as all that she is offered is a fina ncial settlement without recognition of guilt and public excuse. Then the woman carries her matter further to the city level, to the county level, until she reaches the capital authorities. Qiu Jus crusade against bureaucracy provides a comprehensive picture of modern China with its striking contrast between agrarian and city life. At the same time, the story of the peasant woman investigates different moral issues in a bureaucratic society. However, above all stands the convincing and base

What's your point of view Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Whats your point of view - Essay ExampleAs such, can such people put away technology and embark on simple methods of operations? This could be adapted by just a few individuals while the others would like to think of concepts like an ideal thus deficiency the effort and self sacrifice in making the ideal a reality.However, such individuals console themselves by asserting that vast amounts of land and forests have been unbroken for people to experience the simplicity with which fishing, hunting, camping can bring. This does not mean that we lack our roots to the earth and world. As long as we have equipoise that has been kept between advancement in our civilization and the connection to nature, then we have to flourish in the both ways in the society (Wright 98).However, on that point have been instances when we cannot achieve this balance as some people are overly saturated by one way instead of incorporating the other ways. This rages the reckon on. We can neither go back to ou r advancements, nor can we forget on how to move on without these advances and the connections we have to nature. Therefore, if we embrace both we are bound to succeed, hardly with one, we will stagnate, depart our own means of destruction and falter.In the medical sector, several advancements have been carried out and there is still more advances in our perfunctory lives. People easily access better medical attention and can live for a very long period as opposed to the prior days. However, due to the long period number of days, people are now exposed to difficulties brought out by the advanced age and diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer and the antiquated have become a burden to the society as there is no specific place to take care of them (Postman 34).Video games and computers have become very popular among the teens, adults and children after undergoing several advances (Kelly 76). However, there are several debates which have come up in accordance to the appropriateness of

EUROPEAN UNION LAW Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

EUROPEAN UNION LAW - Coursework ExampleIf we see, there are different articles In European Law Union which states the feed regarding the free movement of persons inside the member states. Below is the critical evaluation and advice to the plight of a polish family who moved to UK Critical Evaluation and Advise to the Family Members a) Josefs case Jozef, you came to UK with your partner Karolina on visit and eventually planned to find a job and settle here. You demanded financial support which was non legally limit(prenominal) to you as per UK law and also expected a fair treatment from UK as to the wage scale and employment opportunities. But the major mistake on your part is that you were not aware of the UK laws with regard to the benefits the country offers to non nationals According to European Union Treaty (2006) The Council and the Commission shall ensure the consistency of activities undertaken on the basis of this deed of conveyance and the consistency of such activities with the policies of the Union and the Community, and shall cooperate to that end The thing to be noted here is that many people cross the national boundaries with less intimacy about the legal procedures of UK and end beingness corrupted and humiliated. Jozef , you resorted to manipulate the tax system in eagerness to make financial gains and ended up being disobedient to the legal system of the country and got imprisoned. What can be suggested here is that, while moving to a developed, wealthy and expensive nation you should have been ready to initiate hard work and thoughtfulness to follow the legal system of the country and target to achieve success in long term and not attempts short cuts and end up in trouble. Generally, the legal system of free movement of people has some reservation to the nationals as compared to the people moved from new(prenominal) member states.Craig & de Burca (2008,pg.743) suggests that The meaning and the scope of the terms worker and activity as an employed person should be thus clarified in the light of the principles on the legal order of the communityIt is important for you to know the regulation set by UK government as to the workers right and employment so that you do not end up in trouble due to ignorance. b)Karolina Case Karolina you moved with Jozef to UK and planned to stay in the country with him and started looking for a job and were asked to comply with certain demands of the UK government to procure a job. You are a trained teaching maestro in Poland but to attain a teaching status in UK you needed to pass the English language proficiency test. You got distressed on this demand of the government and became adamant as to not to follow the test, instead took a job of language translator. Here you are not ready to accept the rattlingity that UK needs the proficiency in their stick tongue to qualify as the countrys teacher. This is a minimum requirement which any teacher needs to obtain to occupy a professional teaching status. You should understand that you are not in your native land but in a country where the mother tongue is English. In real sense, you have lost the opportunity to be a professional teacher just because you neglected the value of the test demanded by the country which would have helped you in building your career and life in the long run. The UK government has not created hindrance in the growth of your

Business plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business plan - Assignment ExampleHalifax is an ideal localisation principle to open this venture, given the vibrant nature of the summer months. The long term vision for SW&D is to expand as an outlet chain across Canada and the Municipality of Halifax will offer the ideal expansion grounds initially.c. Norva Scotia region where Halifax is located is one of the most promising of Canadian tourism attractions with over 2 billion visitors in recent years. Halifax tourism and own population are growing steadily (398,000 in year 2009), providing an expanding customer base. ice-skating rink-cream industry in Canada has experienced averse yet steady growth, despite its non operational nature during winter months. The Canadian production of ice cream is 400 million liters of hard and approximately 20 million liters of soft ice creams (Sector Profile, 2006) Other items as sundaes and shakes account for 175 million liters. Out of this production Canada also exports around 15 thousand ton es over the previous year, mainly to USA and Arab countries (Consumption of Dairy Products, 2010). Total ice cream sales in Canada reached almost $2.1 billion in sales value. The industry is non fragmented and two giants, Nestle and Unilever holds over 60% of the market share (Euromonitor, 2006). Rest of the market is fragmented with regional chains, vendor franchises and chart sales.Direct opposition for SW&D will come from the other ice cream parlors in the region such as Dairy Queen, Black Bear Ice Cream Parlor, Cows Homemade Ice Cream, Kendales Ice, Cows Halifax, Cold Stone Creamery to name a few. In addition to these well known outlets, there is a host of other outlets which capitalize on the growth of impulse purchases (Dairy market.com, 2008).Indirect competition to ice creams comes from other deserts and confectionaries that will compete for customers share of go past on impulse indulgent foods. However, in this business scenario, SW&D is planning to counter this by incor porating a wide desert

Health Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health Financial Management - Essay ExampleThe goal that becomes the end in the health financial matters involves the creation of an practicable knowledge network. Various opportunities arises that help in the application of a real life situations in matters relating to healthcare. It is also important to note a complete exercise of spreadsheet. This knowledge system helps in the compilation of data in the most efficient way (McLean, 2003). Introduction Financial management of the health sector provides an on the loose(p) approach that streamlines the labor health care intensively. The system of management helps to ensure an increase in the efficiency level, accuracy and reduced labor cost in the entire life of an enterprise. The implementation level provides the best solution if the optimal way is applied in the course of the operation of the business (Latimer, 2012). The National chemise mix Scenario The National case under study is an Australian based program that ensures deve lopment of the Refined Diagnosis and the related groups. The sorting of this form of diagnosing includes the statistical system and the diagnosis centre. The statistical body is involved in the dealing and classification of disease related problems and other bodies. These include the coding standards, classification and intervention body and the modification segment (France, 2001). The model applied at the funding level created an alarming effect with senior members of the health department. This case was felt in the New South Wales with great magnitude. The magnitude emanated from the opposition in the funding process. The hospital association in Australia accepted the idea of funding. Believe in the ideology of better performance evolved from the existence of favorable arrangements at the time. Later, a committee for case mix evolved. It performed the work of determination of clinical changes as per the US regulations. This gave rise to the creation of Australian National and A ustralian Refined. The entire national case system gets fund from the Australian health department. The seventh edition of Australian modification happens to take place at the end of June 2013. Another event will also unfold on first of July 2013. This event will give birth under the seventh edition partnership program. The seventh edition will ensure that planning and implementation takes place in the entire phase of the heathland management (Willis, Reynolds & Helen, 2008). National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (NHHRC) Report The birth of COAG is a signaling factor to the NHHRC. The COAG had a meeting that raised important agendas to charge on the NHHRC (Appleby & Aroney, 2012). Some of the recommendations included the requirement on the address of peculiar issues of regulation as a rule in the commonwealth. The Council of Australian Government (COAG) body had an agreement to increase the funding requirements of the state aimed to increase health issues. The funding in itiative had a focus on capacity improvement as a main goal. It is imperatively important to appreciate work performed by the COAG (Crase, 2008). The body comprises of on dignitaries including the prime minister and other state dignitaries. The body schedules to have a meeting on April 13 2012 at Canberra. The main agendas at any meeting must revolve at some of the most important issues wish well the major reforms, delivery of Medicaid and the funding level aimed at the sustainability of the

Written campaign pitch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Written campaign pitch - Essay ExampleThis campaign pitch is designed to work under a strategy known as market-differentiation and through the use of the resources that are available in the Attic stores. The growth of this business as well as the consumer awareness/loyalty leave behind be attained through the use of the resources provided by the three principal partners of Attic stores. The marketing mix to be used by the Attic stores will be centered on the emphasis of the high quality of their products and the fast customer service accorded to the clients by the staff of Attic stores.It is definitely probable that various risks will be involved in this type of a marketing mix. As a solution to this, Attic stores will consider structuring this campaign pitch into 4 segments. The first segment of this campaign pitch will focus on the instantaneous and responsive business environment accorded to Attic stores. In utilizing the immediate and responsive business environment, the Attic stores shall make use of a campaign slogan to be referred to as fashion mania. mien mania can be given wide-meaning showing obsessions that people have for up-to-the-minute vestments and more specifically leisure/sportswear. We shall therefore change our business name to Attic Stores Fashion Mania.As part of our change, we shall encompass various modes for the distribution of our products. That means that we will not rely only on the traditional methodologies that are used by other retail outlets in the distribution of their products. As such, we will employ the use of other methodologies for example mail orders so as to address the clothing needs of our clients who are very busy and do not have free time at their disposal to come personally to the stores (Adcock, 1998). We will excessively use the internet and the social media like Facebook and blogs sell our products. The use of the social media is particularly important because at this digital era, most of the people

Implementation and Modification IP 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Implementation and Modification IP 4 - Essay ExampleThis report gives an banknote of the effectiveness of the Medicare program and provides a futuristic approach towards the program and arrangings of implementing the changes (Moon, 2006). The topic Strengthening and Improving Medicare elicited various views from both public and private entities and individuals. The congressional subcommittee of health held a forum for persons of concern to give their witness accounts on the topic. Some of the prime witnesses who stood before the subcommittee include among others, Robert Berenson, the senior consultant officer at Academy Health, Foster, Richard, Buddy Robert, a beneficiary of the Medicare + Choice health plan and Grealy, Mary, the President of Healthcare Leadership Council. All these witnesses gave individual accounts of the success of the current Medicare system and gave recommendations on ways of improving it. correspond to Berenson, the headspring-established and effective Medi care program is being replaced by the Medicare + Choice program, which shifts focus from the government provided health care to private health insurance. in that location is no evidence to prove that shifting to such a system will reduce the programs expenditure or improve on its financial position. The only entities to benefit from the new program will be private health insurance institutions, which will only serve to segment adversely the insurance pool and increase cost of maintaining the traditional program. Through her statement, Grealy, advocates for the introduction of a prescription drug benefit to boost the financial as well as healthcare quality of the Medicare program. According to the Healthcare Leadership Council (HLC), the 50 percent increase from $6,200 to $9,500 in cost of Medicare for one beneficiary by the form 2013 will have no significant improvement in the programs quality of an outpatient prescription drug coverage is not included in the program. The HLC advo cates for the establishment of a Medicare delivery module that incorporates the aspects of tilt, flexibility and invests in beneficiaries who have consumer choice power. Through such a measure, Medicare would be able to provide quasi(prenominal) benefits to employer-sponsored programs, which offer benefits such as outpatient prescription drugs, the ability to choose a health program that best suits individual needs and reduce out-of-pocket costs and. The Medicare + Choice plan reduces the number of services offered to Medicare beneficiaries because it receives lower payments than the previous fee-for-service Medicare program. Through this, the Medicare + Choice plan has increased beneficiary cost sharing, which squashes the chance of fair competition in healthcare provision (CEC, 2003). Robert Buddy, a beneficiary of the Medicare + Choice health program gave his account of the benefits of the Medicare Program and the Medicare + Choice plan, which he joined after the privatization of the Medicare program. According to Robert, the Medicare program did not offer comprehensive benefits thus had to spend at least $2,000 on a Medicare Supplement policy to gain more healthcare benefits. Emphasis of the Medicare + Choice plan is early detection and treatment, which affords better healthcare to its beneficiaries. Robert recounted the case of his father, who was on the Medicare prog

'Accounting theory and methodology are a waste of time'. Critically Essay

Accounting theory and methodology are a waste of time. Critically evaluate this statement and admit examples to illusrate your answer - Essay ExampleThere is no practice that can succeed without a very strong theoretical base. There are rules and principles that excite been developed and they are based upon past practices of successful accountants. A lot has changed in accounting due to the rapid changes in economic and social environments. any(prenominal) of the principles and rules that were developed earlier on are longer applicable. Thus accountants are faced with new problems that can not be solved with the traditional explanations of accounting. virgin areas are emerging in accounting such as social accounting, inflation accounting and human resource accounting (Porwal 7).Methodology is important in creating an accounting theory. There are two methods of reasoning that are applied in accounting research methodologies inductive and deductive. The two reasoning are as a resul t of differences in apprizes, opinions and approaches between accounting research and accounting practice (Porwal 8).There are two types of accounting theories the proposal or the prescriptive type and the descriptive or the positive type. The prescriptive type proposes alternative ways of accounting, for example, alternative method of assets valuation either by the market value or the present value. The positive type analyses and explains the existing modes of accounting, for, example, the real functions and social significance of todays accounting systems (Fujita and Jinnai 283).Development of accounting theories began in the azoic 1900. The first attempt has been attributed to William Paton and John Canning. Paton was among the first people to propose the inclusion of the changes in the value of liabilities and assets in financial statements. The changes were to be measured on a current value basis. Cannings framework of asset valuation was based on future expectations and a mo del to match expenses and revenues. DR Scott made contributions to the development of normative theory. His views are reflected in publications The Basis

Starbucks - traditional coffee market Case Study

Starbucks - traditional coffee berry market - Case Study ExampleThese produces are marketed through retail stores. It also markets coffee and tea products through other channels of distribution.Starbucks relies chiefly on an efficient market system and product improvement. The traditional market for coffee is not in maturity one, and today it offers a limited opportunity for high profits, so it sets about developing products, that are both distinctive and could be sold at a premium price. A specialized product range, namely coffee beans necessitated a undefendable identification of target market. The original mission had made it clear that it was in the relatively unexploited adult sector that Starbucks saw its clearest opportunity for innovation. Starbucks set out to create a range of high-quality products that were distinctive in shape, and especially charitable to people who had acquired a taste for coffee. A wholesome, appetizing and, at same time, slightly exotic taste expe rience was what Starbucks wanted to offer.An insight into possible consumer reaction to product and packaging was obtained by arranging for big groups, drawn from the relevant market segments, to meet in a social setting where reactions could be discovered and impressions and comments recorded. The favours were often an acquired taste and the products were typically consumed with alcoholic beverages, at the night clubs and restaurants, including fast food.Starbucks has of importtained high-speed growth through continuous optimization of is product ruffle up and constant technological innovation. It has also realized rapid expansion through capital injections. In addition, it had begun to follow a strategy of withdrawing from small markets with limited emf for its core products and to look for markets in countries with a major growth potential for coffee products. The main markets of Starbucks are the United States, Denmark, Finland, Holland, Germany. If there are few, large com petitors in the industry, it is likely that this is due to high entry barriers. Conversely, an industry of many, smaller competitors is likely to be the result of lower entry barriers. The nature of competition for Starbucks differs from other industries. The main competitors of Starbucks are tea, juice, soft drinks, and alcohol products. Competitive rivalry on both a price and a non-price basis is higher in the industry comprising the more, and smaller, competitors. If the product is mature and the industry is subject to shake-out, then competition will be more intense. The main competitors in the industry are Peets, Caribou coffee, the Second Cup, Coffee Station, etc. In general, Starbucks is well-positioned to take on this important global leadership role. It has the global resources and certainly has the technological capability. Clearly, some comapnies in the same industry are more successful than others, lending support to the view that competitive advantage is largely intern ally developed. Equally, however, there is a danger of ignoring the environment, as customers and their needs, competitors, changes in technology, etc., merchantman play an important role in determining competitive success.Bear in mind Porters 5 Ps or five competitive forces which include the affright of entry of new competitors (new entrants) the threat of substitutes the bargaining

Eruptive history of Mt. Etna Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eruptive history of Mt. bunsen - Research Paper Examplethe 59th tallest world mountain (this big top varies with frequent summit eruptions), rise Etna lies above the convergent plate margin between the African plate and the Eurasian plate. It is associated with the subduction of the African plate chthonic the Eurasian plate. It is thus the tallest active volcano in Europe and the tallest in Italy south of the Alps with an area of 1,190 kilometers squared (459 square miles) and a basal border of 140 square kilometers (comfortably making it the largest of all the 3 active volcanoes in Italy almost two and a half times larger than the next largest, Mount Vesuvius. In the whole of the European-North African region, only Mount Teide in Tenerife is larger) (Coltelli, Marsella, Proietti & Scifoni, 2012).Eruptions of Mount Etna follow a variety of patterns with most occurring at the summit where thither are currently five distinct craters (Northeast crater, the voragine, the Boca Nuova and the south east crater complex (2). The summit eruptions can be very dramatic and explosive notwithstanding rarely threaten the inhabited areas around the volcano. Summit eruptions occurred in 2006, 2007-2008, January-April 2012 and July-October of the same year. Other eruptions take place at the flanks that have more than 300 vents which switch in size (from small holes in the ground to large craters hundreds of meters across). It is these flank eruptions that often encroach inhabited areas. Many villages and small towns lie around or on cones of past flank eruptions. Etna has had four flank eruptions since 200. These were in 2001, 2002-2003, 2004-2005 and 2008-2009. The lava type on Mount Etna is called pyroclastic flow which comprises broken fragments of rock, pumice, rocks and other materials (Coltelli, Marsella, Proietti & Scifoni, 2012).Etnas eruptions have been documented since 1500 BC when praetor-magmatic eruptions drove away residents of the eastern part of the island into the western end. Known eruptions on Mount Etna date off the beaten track(predicate) back

Howard Hughes Essay Example for Free

Howard Hughes EssayHoward Hughes, one of the most mysterious men in America. He achieved the American dream by non precisely becoming wealthy but he likewise built an empire. A businessman, plane designer, movie producer, industrialist, was majuscule in everything he focused in. Had and gigantic wealth and intellect, and he also had achievement. He fortune with hard work in any job and with his great influential ideas.Howard Robard Hughes Jr. was born in Houston, Texas on December 24, 1905. He was the son of Allene Gano Hughes and Howard Robard Hughes Sr. , who invented the tri-cone roller bit which allowed rotary drilling for oil in previously inaccessible places. He also founded the Hughes Tool Company to commercialize this invention. Howards parents died when he was still a child he inherited a considerable part of his fathers million dollar fortune. Howards goals as a child were to become the best golfer, the best pilot, and the best movie producer. Despite the fact that he attended great schools, he never got a diploma. His father arranged for him to attend math and engineering classes at the California Institute of Technology. Then he enrolled in the in a flashadays-called strain University.Hughes is best know as an aviation genius, because of all of his the designs, ideas, and invention of styleplanes. He is famous for the H-4 Hercules, also known as the Spruce Goose, and is also known because of his eccentric behavior. He set many knowledge base records while flying that seemed unreachable in his time. On September 13, 1935, he set a raw(a) speed record aboard his H-1 Racer by setting a speed of 566 km per hour, the previous record was 505 km per hour. This H-1 was donated to the Smithsonian Institute in 1975 now it is on display at the National Air and Space Museum.On January 19, 1937, he set a trans-continental speed record by flying from Los Angeles to young York City in 7 hours, 28 minutes and 25 seconds. On 1938 he set a record by f lying around the world in 3 days and 19 hours the preceding record was more than four hours. Hughes also received many awards some are the Harmon Aviatrix loot (1936 and in 1938) which is give for the most outstanding international achievements, the Collier Trophy (1939) which is the most prestigious award in the aviation field, and the Octave Chanute Award (1940) which is given for engineering innovations.Howard Hughes purchased Transcontinental and Western Air (TWA) in 1939. This company grew along with his chairman Jack Frye. TWA broke Pan Ams legal surname as the US sole international carrier, so TWA began transatlantic flights using the new Lockheed Connie, which was used as both a civilian airliner and U.S. military air transport plane. In 1950, the airline changed its name to Trans World Airlines (TWA), because it offered flying routes from Europe to all Asia until Hong Kong. Later with the Transpacific Route Case of 1969, TWA was able to fly in the peaceful Ocean too. TW A and Pan Am were the only U.S. airlines serving Europe.One of Hughess most famous designs was the H-4 Hercules, also known as the Spruce Goose. This was a giant boat that flew it was specially designed for carrying soldiers in a war. The idea was to use it in World War II, but unfortunately the Hercules was finished just after the end of the war. This plane was anformer(a) satisfactory idea of Hughes, because it successfully flew once with Hughes in control.This is why Howard had to testify against the Senate War Investigating Committee, but they failed to file a final report because the government didnt permit planes made out of aircraft aluminum. So Hughes had to make the plane out of hard close-grained wood so he could accomplish his contract with the U.S. Government. This plane was on display next to RMS Queen Mary in Long Beach, California for many years, but now it is in McMinnville, Oregon where it is part of the Evergreen Aviation Museum.On July 7, 1946, Hughes was flying a prototype plane of the US Army, made by him, when an oil divulge changed the way a propeller had to work. The plane started to drop down and crashed in a Beverly Hills neighborhood. When the plane finally stopped, after destroying three houses, the fuel tanks exploded, setting bang to the plane and a close house.In the accident, Hughes got a crushed collar bone, six crushed ribs and some third-degree burns, but besides this it affected him the rest of his life. With this he saturnine into a more unusual person because he developed an addiction to opiates because of use of morphine as a painkiller during his rehabilitation. He turned into an isolated person, developing a disease known as hypochondria, which makes a person preoccupied with physical health and body. This person believes, fears or is convinced that he has a serious disease, despite medical reassurance.Hughes became so isolated the he was inside a room for a little over 8 months, only opening the room for food caref ully inspected for any germ. The main reason he left the room in 1947 was because he was called to testify. Senator Ralph Owen Brewster opposed the commercial cheer of Howard Hughes. He said that Howard had received $40 million from the Defense Department without actually delivering the aircraft he had contracted to provide (which was the H-4 Hercules). Even though Hughes had everything against him, he combated Brewster with the equal anger, accusing him of being corrupt.Hughes spread rumors about the senators close association with Pan Am (Hughess rival company), alleging that he received free flights and other things in return for help beating TWA. The senator also passed a bill to remove government approval for TWA flights across the Atlantic. Hughes openly said that Brewster had promised an end to the Senate investigation if he would agree to merge TWA with Pan Am. In reply, the senator, annoyed by the accusations, stood aside from leading the investigation to become a witness before the committee. He denied Hughess accusations and made several opposing accusations, but failed to harm Hughes. The senators reputation suffered greatly from this incident with Hughes.Howard Hughes died on April 5, 1976, at the age of 70 when he was going on an airplane from his penthouse in Mexico to a hospital in Houston. The autopsy showed that he died because of a kidney failure, plus in his bloodstream it appeared that he had 1.9 micrograms of codeine. This window glass of codeine is more than fatal, and together with a safe(p) amount of valium it makes it fatal. Hughes was unrecognizable due to his long years of recluse. His hair, beard, finger and toe nails were disgustingly long. Doctors said that malnutrition to his 64 body helped him on his death, because he only weighed 90 lbs. Since he was too unrecognizable, the FBI had no other choice than to use the fingerprint identification to light upon the body. Howard is buried in the cemetery of Glenwood in Houston.Hug hes is worth writing research paper, because he is a genius on mostly everything related to plane designs. It is good to know that thanks to this man we are able to move fast and around the world. Jets are a great innovation on planes Howard was the one of inventors of the jet-propelled plane propulsion airplanes, but wasnt able to make the most out of them, because of his illness. I believe he is an inspiration for most of the youths out there deficient to study engineering, I think this is true, because Howard is my inspiration because of the great example he represents. Besides being a plane genius he was also a movie director producer which is also another reason why this man is a good research topic.BibliographyJohnson, Bobby H. Howard Hughes The World Net Encyclopedia. Ed. Robert O Zeleny. boodle World Enc. Inc, 1990. PBS Chasing the Sun- Howard Hughes Online Available http//www.pbs.org/Kcet/chasing the sun/innovators/hhughes.html, September 9, 2003. Golden Ages Online Avai lable http//nationalaviation.org/museum-enshrinee/asp?eraid=3enshrineeid=302, September 12, 2003. Donald L. Bartlett and James B. Steele, Empire The Life, Legend, and Madness of Howard Hughes (New York Norton, 1979). Charles Barton, Howard Hughes and His Flying sauceboat (Fallbrook, California Aero, 1982). Michael Drosin, Citizen Hughes (New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985). Howard Hughes, My Life and Opinions, ed. Robert P. Eaton (Chicago Best Books Press, 1972). Robert Maheu, Next to Hughes Behind the Power and Tragic Downfall of Howard Hughes, by His Closest Advisor (New York HarperCollins, 1992). Harold Rhoden, High Stakes The Gamble for the Howard Hughes leave behind (New York Crown, 1980). Robert W. Rummel, Howard Hughes and TWA (Washington Smithsonian Press, 1991). Tony Thomas, Howard Hughes in Hollywood (Secaucus, New Jersey Citadel Press, 1985)

Wine Making Essay Example for Free

Wine Making Essay vino making is the production of wine, scratch with the selection of grapes and other produce, and ending with institutionalizeting the delicious wine into bottles Although wine is usually made from grapes, it may also be made from other fruits Winemaking trick pieceually be divided into 18 different categories.. Harvesting, destemming, crushing, primary (alcoholic) zymosis, pressing, pigeage, cold stabilization, heat stabilization, second fermentation, bulk aging, Malolactic fermentation, laboratory tests, blending, fining, preservatives, filtration, and last but not least, bottlingLets now find out how to make wine Harvesting Harvesting is the picking of the grapes and the first step in wine production. The grapes are either ingatheringed by hand or mechanically, the decision lies on the winemaker. Before harvesting, the winemaker checks the grapes for ripeness, flavor, seed color and taste, and lastly, the sugar level Mechanical harvesters are large tr actors that straddle grapevines, and with a rubber rod, strike the vine to get the grapes. Mechanical harvesters hasten the advantage of picking grapes in a short amount of time.The disadvantage is all the leaves and stems come with the grapes. around smart winemakers take off the leaves with another machine before harvesting. Destemming Destemming is the process of removing the stems from the grapes. This process may take government agency before, or after crushing, depending on the winemaker. If you harvest by hand, you can just skip this step alin concert Crushing Crushing is when gently crushing the grapes and breaking the skin to start getting flavor. In traditional and small wineries the grapes are sometimes crushed by stomping on them.However, in large, more upscale wineries, the grapes are crushed by a large, mechanical, wine crusher. Primary (alcoholic) fermentation Have you ever wonde trigger-happy what the powdery coating around grapes is? So have I Yeast is what the p owder is, which is useful for alcoholic fermentation. Since this can give unpredictable results, cultural yeast is added to the mix. During fermentation, the yeast cells feed on the sugars and multiply, creating carbon dioxide gas and alcohol. The tempeture affects both the taste of the product and the speed that fermentation is over.For red wines, the temperate is typically 72-77 F, and for white wine, the normal tempeture is 59-64 F. For every gram of sugar that is converted, about half a gram of alcohol is produce, so to get a 12% alcohol concentration, the product has to contain 24% of sugar. Pressing Pressing is the act of applying pressure to grapes in order to separate wine from grapes and grape skins. Presses act by positioning the grapes or grape skins in the midst of a rigged come up and a movable surface and s clinical depressionly decreasing the volume between the two surfaces.As the pressure increases, the amount of tannin extracted from the skins into the juice also increases. Pieaege Pieaege is a French winemaking term for the traditional stomping of the grapes in open fermentation tanks. To make different type of wine, grapes are put through a crusher and then poured into open fermentation tanks. Once fermentation begins, the grape skins are pushed to the surface by carbon dioxide gases, released in the fermentation process. The layer of skins at the top is called the cap.The cap needs to mix with the liquid each day for flavor snappy and Heat Stabilization Cold stabilization is a process used in winemaking to reduce tartrate crystals thats in wine. These crystals look like grains of earn sand, and are formed by acid and potassium. The temeture of the wine is dropped close to freeing for 1-2 weeks. This will cause the crystals to separate from the wine. During heat stabilization, unstable proteins are sequesterd by absorption, preventing them from being in the finished bottle of wine. Second Fermentation.This process takes three to six mon ths, and is very valuable The wine is kept under airlock, and proteins from the grapes are humble down, and the yeast cells that are still re of importing and other particles are able to settle. In this process, the wine goes from being cloudy, to clear Secondary fermentation usually takes place in large stainless steel vessels or large oak barrels. The oak gives wine a very good finished taste, but if the winemakers judge to put the wine in stainless steel, oak chips are added Malolatic Fermentation.This process occurs when lactic acid bacteria mixes with malic acids and produces lactic acids and carbon dioxide. Malolatic fermentation can cleanse the taste of wine that has large amounts of malic acids. Malic acids creates an unpleasant, harsh, and bitter taste sensation. All red wines go through malolatic fermentation to lessen the amount of acid in the wine, and to remove the possibility that malic acids may be in the bottle. On the other hand, more white wines do not go throu gh fermentation, because they dont have a lot of acid. Laboratory Tests.Whether wine is stored in vessels or barrels, tests are done regularly. These tests are done to test sugar level, alcohol level, pH level, and many an(prenominal) other factors. Theses tests are performed throughout the making of the wine, from the first step through the last Blending and Fining Different wines can sometimes be mixed together to achieve the desired taste. This process is as simple as the tests the wine have, every now and then. Fining is removing the chemicals and particles that make the wine cloudy. Gelatin has actually been used in many wines for centuries, as a traditional method for wine finingUsually, no gelatin actually remains in the wine, as it mixes with other chemicals. Also many fining agents will use milk, eggs, bone char, bulls blood, an animals bladder, honey, and a skim milk powder. Preservatives The most common preservative in winemaking is sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide has one main reason, and that is that its an anti oxidant. If sulfur dioxide is added before alcoholic fermentation, it may damage the stamps of oxygen, and the wine will go bad Without the use of sulfur dioxide, wines will turn out bacterial spoilage.Some winemakers practice natural winemaking where no preservatives are added. The wine is then put in a freezer with the temperature being 5 C. Filtration Filtration in winemaking is used to accomplish two objectives clarification and stabilization. In clarification, large particles that effect the visual appearance of the wine are removed. In stabilization, organisms that effect the stability are removed, therefore killing all possibilities of the wine going bad. The wine is then put in the refrigerator at a low temperature. Bottling.Finally, the last step in winemaking A final does of sulfite is added to help preserve the wine and to prevent unwanted fermentation going on in the bottle. Once the wine bottles are filled,, they are traditio nally sealed with a cork. The final step is adding a capsule The wine is now ready to be shipped off, and then sold to buyers that will greatly enjoy the taste Many people actually dont know how much work is put into making the wine Thats why its so expensive, nowadays I hoped I helped you to understand the process of. WINEMAKING

The Depiction of Pirates in Treasure Island Essay Example for Free

The Depiction of Pirates in Treasure Island EssayThe first thing that must be made unmortgaged closely Robert Louis Stevensons Treasure Island is that it is a romance. And therefore the image of the pirate that it paints remains largely fictional, and many of the details will non mindm to accompany with scholarly evidence of what the typical pirate was like in its heyday. But it is not correct either to interpret romance as being specious history in entirely instances. When romance is derived from vibrant and native mythology then it is likely to contain a large measure of truth, and the sort of truth that scientific scholarship cannot unearth. concord to Mircea Eliade, myth, when it is vitally connected to the culture, speaks that of realities, which are far more real than unstained hard facts (7). Treasure Island draws on the myth of the pirate, and it is a living myth, closely connected to the Western essence of individualism and adventure. Therefore it is a mistak e to dismiss Stevensons tale as a mere childrens adventure story. It is well documented how the impudent has redefined the image of the pirate in the modern age, and continues to excite young and old with its unique spirit of adventure. It is provided able to do so because Stevenson tapped a living myth.In the search for the specific influences that shaped the composition of Treasure Island it is advisable to refer first of all to Stevensons own admissions. In this sense the author is extremely frank and forthcoming, and even admits to partial plagiarism in some instances. For example, he quotes Washington Irvings tale Wolfert Webber as an influence, and says in this regard,It is my debt to Washington Irving that exercises my conscience, and justly so, for I believe plagiarism was rarely carried farther the whole inner spirit and a frank deal of the material detail of my first chapters were the property of Washington Irving. (Stevenson, Letters, 308)There is indeed a striking res emblance, and Stevenson certainly steals the scene in which a advance pirate arrives in a sleepy hamlet, lodging in an inn, and day after day regaling to the regulars of the inn his endless store of bloodcurdling adventures on the blue seas. There is also the suggestion of hidden pirate nourish, but not on a remote and delinquent island. The pirate map is central to the bandage of Treasure Island, and whitethorn be described as the singular stroke of genius that spelled the success of the novel.The spark of the idea is from Edgar Allan Poes story The Gold intercept, whose plot hinges on ciphers and how to crack them (Zaczek 85). Instead of ciphers Stevenson gives us a map of a remote island, and a cross marked on the place where the treasure is supposed to be buried. It is when this map falls into the hands of Jim Hawkins that the adventure really begins. Poes story also has pirate treasure buried on an island, and where the pirates go away behind ciphers as the clue to the l ocation. But Poes island is not remote and deserted. Stevenson most certainly got this idea from Defoes classic novel Robinson Crusoe. We elaborate on the influence of Defoe subsequent on.Another influence that Stevenson mentions is Charles Kingsleys travelogue At Last, which recounts a voyage to the Caribbean, with related reminiscences (Stevenson, Letters, 263). Though the direct references to pirates are limited, it is an important influence, because we may find in it the inner spirit that belongs to Treasure Island. Kingsley projects the spirit of independence and adventure, and this is certainly part of the imagination that that gives birth to Long John Silver. We feel this spirit palpably in the opening passageAt last we, too, were crossing the Atlantic. At last the dream of forty years, please god, would be fulfilled, and I should see (and happily, not al wiz) the West Indies and the Spanish Main. From childhood I had studied their Natural History, their charts, their Roman ces, and alas their Tragedies and now, at last, I was about to compare books with facts, and judge for myself of the reported wonders of the mundane Paradise. (Kingsley 9)It is a mistake to judge the myth of the pirate to be concerned with the macabre. It is really about leaving behind the constraints of society and making it on ones own. In the end it is about individualism, which expresses the inner heart of Western man. This is not meant to condone piracy, nor to sanctify despicable real life villains, which no interrogative sentence the pirates were. But if the image of the pirate seizes the Western imagination so forcefully, it is because it speaks of an inner longing, and which we feign ignore. It is possibly because the pirate is an extreme example of the unfettered individual.To the pirate it is plainly himself and the world, and we can understand why this resonates with the Western dream. The Old World lay behind us like a dream, Kingsley expresses once he is ensconced o n the westerly bound ship (Ibid). A fundamental dream is being realized, and the Old World is itself now rendered a dream. Such being the stated and implied influences of Stevenson, we must not expect more than a superficial resemblance between the pirates we find in Treasure Island and the real life counterparts. The novel established certain misconceptions about pirates which has become hard to eradicate now.For example, it is widely believed now that pirates always buried their treasure on remote islands, and deserted locations, and kept maps to locate it when needed later on. Even before the evidence of the scholars arrives, we know that this is a silly thing to do, and the plot of Treasure Island itself will serve as an example. Captain Flint is the fabled pirate who buries his treasure of Skeleton Island, makes a map of the exact spot, which only a small inner band of his crew are privy to. Predictably, this leaves a legacy of backstabbing rivalry among them, and they all wan t get their hands on the map and appropriate the treasure for themselves. Evidence tells us that real life pirates acted in exactly the opposite way.Having no propensity to save or stash, they spent their loot very quickly with drinking and revelry. Another belief engendered from the novel is that pirate ships always flew the Jolly Roger, the black flag with insignia of a skull and crossed bones. But this would also be foolhardy for pirates who were always desperate to deflect suspicion. According to Aubrey Burl, pirates used two flags, and raised them on the specific situations of a raid. The skull and bones flag was meant to intimidate the prey, goading them to surrender and abandon their ships. But if they did not do so, the black flag was replaced by a red one, which sent the message that violence was about to ensue. Both flags were used tactically in raids, and were not flown at other times.He relates an incidence from 1720 when the notorious pirate Bartholomew Roberts sailed daringly into the harbor of Trepassey, in Newfoundland, flying the black flag. It was only one pirate ship against twenty-two maritime vessels, and yet the intimidation was sufficient, and the harbor surrendered all its vessels to the pirate (Aubrey 133-4). Most of the incidental details used to describe the pirates in Stevensons novel are, however, accurate, forbid fictional exaggeration. Rum indeed was the favorite drink of pirates. The former crew members of Captain Flint describe him as habitually breaking into song when in the company of rumFifteen men on the dead mans chestYo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum (Stevenson, Treasure, 9)Drunken revelry, as already noted, was the favorite pastime of pirates. Long John Silver is depicted with a crosspatch on one eye, and a wooden leg. It is not unlikely that pirates fatigue handicaps, living as they did with daily violence. He also has a parrot perched perpetually on his shoulder. We know that pirates were fond of keeping tropical birds, which they did as souvenirs of the trips to wildlife locations virtually the world. The pirates in Treasure Island are of English and Dutch extraction, which is also the typical make up of pirates in the New World, and the French also included in the mix.The ethnic map of piracy often followed the political map and the rivalry among the maritime powers, England, Holland and France being the principle political players, after the demise of the Spanish Empire. Indeed, the most notorious age of piracy was in the wake of the War of the Spanish Succession, when Spain finally relinquished its control of the high seas, and England, Holland and France entered the fray. Each employed privateers, who were legal pirates with commissions from their single crowns to prey upon the ships of rival colonial powers. Initially their commissions had been to raid Spanish ships, because Spain ruled the seas, and their ships carried enticing booty. After the Spanish defeat on the mainland, the private ers remained, and soon began to prey on each other.The illegal and proper pirates usually respected such political dividing lines (Lane 3-5). The pirates in Treasure Island conform to this picture, the novel being baffle in that grouchy period of high piracy in the eighteenth century. This is the extent to which Stevensons pirate is authentic, and we should not expect more. Though this pirate is a criminal thug, it is not this fact that strikes a chord in our imagination. It is rather the spirit of individualism and initiative that moves us, and makes someone who is essentially a robber of the high seas into a put down of romance for us. The tell tale sign for this is that these pirates are wont to bury their treasure on a remote and deserted island, instead of merely disbursal it.The idea is clearly derived from reading Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoes story of a castaway who survives 28 years on a remote and deserted island, being the only survivor of a shipwreck. We know that S tevenson was an avid reader and admirer of Defoe. Stevenson is a kindred spirit to Defoe, though of a lesser genius. We examine Defoe in the take to of unlocking some secrets regarding Stevenson. Robinson Crusoe is not just an adventure tale, but is more a parable illustrating the Protestant work ethic. Crusoe establishes a personal relationship to God through his stay on the island, and in this sense is a consummate individual.He is shown to build civilization anew on the basis of such a faith. Therefore, he embodies individuality and imitative, exactly as the mythological pirate does. The figure of Robinson Crusoe is therefore the flip side of the iconic pirate. Crusoe confronts the world through faith in God the pirate is also alone pitched against the world, only that he employs violence and bloodshed. Crusoe also discovers buried treasure while on a remote and deserted island it is a spiritual treasure, and is hidden in the recesses of the soul. The counterpart for the pirate is material riches buried in a secret location. Both are accenting mystery, one religious, the other material.To confirm that this analogy is not strained, we note that Defoe was a passionate enthusiast of pirates and piracy, and has authored a long list of books and novels related to the theme. Indeed, he is suasion to have authored A General History of the Pyrates under the pseudonym Captain Charles Johnson, this being the definite text of pirate history that has come down to us (Novak 642). In conclusion, the iconic image of the pirate that has come down to us, largely influenced by Robert Louis Stevensons novel Treasure Island, is best described as a figment of the Western imagination.The pirates described in the novel are on the whole accurate, but historical accuracy is not the aim here. Pirates were dangerous robbers of the high seas, but it is an aspect that the mythical pirate wants to evade. Instead it is the spirit of individualism and initiative that is meant to be emp hasized, because it resonates with the Western spirit as a whole. It is because Stevenson captured this sprits in his tale, which is set in the golden age of piracy, that has endeared it to the Western audience, and continues to excite successive generations of readers, and not only the young.Works CitedBurl, Aubery. Black Barty The Real Pirate of the Caribbean. Stroud, UK Sutton Publishing, 2006.Eliade, Mircea. Myth and Reality. New York Waveland Press, 1998.Kingsley, Charles. At Last. Charleston, SC BiblioBazaar, 2007.Lane, Kris E. Pillaging the Empire Piracy in the Americas, 1500-1750. Armonk, NY M.E. Sharpe, 1998.Novak, Maximillian E. Daniel Defoe Master of Fictions His Life and Ideas. Oxford, UK Oxford University Press, 2001.Stevenson, Robert Louis. Selected Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson. Contributor Ernest Mehew. New Haven, CT Yale University Press, 1997.Stevenson, Robert Louis. Treasure Island. New York superior Publishing Company, 2004.Zaczek, Iain. Pirates. London AAPP L, 2007.