Alum Lab Conclusion Essay

The purpose of this laboratory was to use two different techniques to attempt to identify the melting point and the mole ratio of hydrated water to anhydrous aluminum, potassium, and sulfate of AlKSO4. The hypotheses were: if the alum was put in a capillary tube the melting point of alum will be able to be determined; and the water of hydration in alum crystals will be possible to determine if the alum is heated with a Bunsen burner. Results: Every compound has its own unique sets of chemical properties. Alum crystals are of great purity and are easily prepared. Because of their purity, they are often used in dyeing cloth, where the alum acts as a source of Al+3 ions which are not contaminated. These properties can be determined experimentally and in this experiment as mentioned above, a few properties of alum were being determined. The first test was to identify the melting point of the alum and compare it to the published value that already exists. The melting point of a substance is a property that indicates at what temperature it goes through a state change of solid to liquid. In order to do this, the alum was placed in a water bath and heated. In the second part of the experiment, the alum was analyzed for water of hydration. When an ionic compound is prepared in aqueous solution and isolated by crystallization, water molecules are incorporated into the compound in fixed proportions. The amount of water incorporated is referred to as the water of hydration. This amount cannot be predicted, so it must be determined experimentally. In order to do this, the alum was heated until all the water was driven off. After the completion of the experiment, it was discovered that the results extracted were very close to the expected results. As seen in the data table, the literature melting point and the one obtained in the experiment were only a little more than .5 away from each other which means pretty accurate results were taken away from this experiment. In regards to the second part of the experiment, a way to see precision in the results would have been to do a second heating of the alum in the crucible. Time, however, did not allow for this so if the experiment was to be done again, better results may be obtained by another trial of that part. This experiment overall was a very good example of how certain properties of substances can only be obtained through experiment. It also showed new techniques of determining properties like melting point and water of hydration that could be used in future experiments.

A Look at the Hiring Procedure Used By the Police

A Look at the Hiring Procedure Used By the Police Police officers come from all walks of life, yet it takes a lot to recruit someone into becoming a police officer. Often, there are many methods, challenges, and problems that arise during recruitment. Throughout the journey, there is a strict screening process, a lot of physical training, and even some politics that many people just aren’t ready to handle. What happens during recruitment? Let’s start with the methods of the recruitment process. Essentially, thousands of people apply to be police officers, but not all make it to the final round – which is actually wearing the uniform. People choose to be police officers in order to help people, fight crime, for job security, and several other reasons, according to Lesson 2. Now, when someone decides to become a police officer, they have to go through the hurdle process. This allows the police force to scan candidates and find the strongest and most fit for the job at hand. Lesson 2 explains that it includes several tests, such as a general knowledge test, physical agility test, oral interviews, psychological assessments, a background investigation, a polygraph, and a full medical exam. Not everyone can pass each of those tests. However, if someone does pass all of those tests, they may think that they immediately have the job. This is not the case, and leads to some of the problems and challenges with the recruitment of police officers. One of the biggest problems in today’s society is obesity. This is not only a problem in the United States, but stretches into the job market when looking for new police recruits as well. This, along with, â€Å"major debt, drug use, and criminal records,† says Kenneth J. Peak, the author of Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices. This becomes a huge issue as thousands of applicants may apply, only few end up passing all of the requirements, leaving whichever agency in need of more recruits. Another issue has to do with the recruits’ privacy, as during the background check they are asked for all of their passwords to social media sites. Some people refuse this part of the process and, in turn, background investigators lose potential candidates. Along the same lines, salary has a lot to do with less of an interest from recruits. Accord to Peak, â€Å"the entry-level average salary of police officers in smaller jurisdictions averages about $26,000, and $4 9,500 in the largest jurisdictions.† Some feel that this is not enough to be putting their life on the line everyday, yet budget cuts and the competitive job market make it so. Lastly, and probably one of the biggest issues surround the recruitment and policing field, is minority and gender bias. Gender bias, in regards to men being hired over women and being promoted over women, even though said woman may have higher or better qualification for that job. It also refers to the sexual harassment that is seen in the workplace. Peak says, â€Å"†¦sexual harassment concerns prevent many women from applying and cause many female officers to leave and quickly: about 60% of female officers who leave their agency do so during their second to fifth years on the job.† At the same time, minorities are being treated the same way. Some, with lower pay, lower rate of being hired, and harassment. In order to combat this, however, the recruitment teams have taken special steps to make sure they hire underrepresented groups and expand their hiring pools. From the start of the hiring process to the end of a twenty-year career in the police force, someone is always going to remember his or her recruitment process. Many methods are in place to make sure the recruitment process goes as smoothly as possible. There are always going to be challenges and problems that people face, whether it has to do with fiscal budgets or hiring new employees, but the police force will always be there to protect and serve.

Does Class Really Matter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Does Class Really Matter - Essay Example Class and money are intertwined since money plays a major role in the identification of a class. This identification, however, is not accurate as the value of humans is equated with money. For instance, the public identifies members of a class by weighing their worth in terms of income and monetary possessions. As much as we would like to shun the class system, the fact remains that it exists and has continued to manifest its effects upon each American who holds the vision of living the American dream. There are various levels of stratification, with a general upper, middle and lower classes. Thus, individuals are limited to interaction within their classes meaning chances of cross-class associations are very thin. This same class segregation has been applied in housing and neighborhoods where each residential zone belongs are occupied by members of the same class. Such has led to a segregated society with less sense of community and togetherness as the classes do not help each other. This segregation as we have learned is called classism. According to Classism.org, classism is the assigning individuals characteristics systematically based on their ability and worth leading to social classes and differential treatments (Classism.org). Classism has a great effect on how individuals view themselves, for example, those of lower social class perceive themselves as less fortunate and without any worth to the society. Another aspect the affects people’s perception of themselves a nd others is the nature of the job. For instance, people with jobs of higher status not only earn respect from the society, but also gain self-respect and high self-esteem. Such jobs are also bound to make one happier because of better living standards. It is evident that we, Americans, have come a long way in capitalism. Our culture likes ranking persons in orders of ‘significance’, and our culture enables these classified ‘significant’ individuals flaunt about what

SIDS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SIDS - Essay Example This incident was noticed at around noon (Bedsole, 2012). One can assume that the baby was sleeping on its tummy, on an adult soft bed, or accidentally suffocated with pillows surrounding the baby. These are the most common factors related to SIDS. After further investigation, the police came to a conclusion that there was no foul play or any wrongdoing by the parents. However, another case involved in SIDS was ruled a homicide. Vanessa Clark, a Texas woman, was charged with killing her newborn baby while sleeping with it in the same bed. The baby was found unexpectedly not breathing. This was not the first time this had happen with Clark. Her first child died the same way and was ruled an accident. Therefore, police did a further investigation and found reasonable evidence to indicate that Clark put the baby at a high risk by putting the newborn baby in imminent danger and acted upon criminal negligence. The Angelina County jurors found Clark guilty of child endangerment(Held, 2012). She is facing up to twenty years in prison. In the event that a possible SIDS death takes place, the police must investigate and interview all parties involved. â€Å"By law, police and other officials at hand, such as a coroner and detectives, are required to determine the cause of death† (Hooker, 2011).The information exchanged between these officials is crucial in order to solve the case (Ortmeier, 2006). Several questions must answered be in order to determine if such act was done deliberately or inadvertently. Family members are briefed about an investigation that must take place because of the infant’s death. In addition, child protective services as well as other special support groups should be involve assisting the family members after their loss. It would give great help and allow the police to detach themselves from the situation and allow them to focus on

Acer case about real strategic decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Acer case about real strategic decisions - Essay Example The company ensured that they occupy space just as they needed. They guaranteed quick turnover by making sure their products are priced with low profits and evaded tying up their income with debt. The company wanted to evade redundant costs and able to take full advantage of their capital. Thus, their operations department ensured that cash collected are directly reinvested into the production. Shih gave importance to employee education and development by promoting that their employees should learn, train and develop and the managers are responsible in teaching their subordinates. Shih also encourage his employees to participate in the process of decision making. He believed that his employees will help him improve the company. The company ensured that their employees exert their best effort by offering them ownership. Lastly, Acer’s sales were increased without investing an enormous amount of capital through joint projects. With this, the company does not have to be anxious about losing its capital. As soon as the company decided to venture abroad, Shah opened in small markets to study and gain international experience first. 2. After a strong decade, why did Acer’s growth and profitability tumble in the late 1980s? How appropriate was Stan Shin’s response to the decline? How do you evaluate Leonard Liu’s performance? The major reasons why Acer’s profitability declined in the late 1980s are overexpansion and the deficiency of professional management. Many of the new employees applied to gain Acer’s ownership without considering and understanding the culture of the company. Because of this, these new employees had difficult time managing the company. Aside from these reasons, the competitive dynamics in the market of personal computers is one of the external factors that helped pull down the company’s profitability. In response to the decline, Shin decided to step down as CEO and hired

Public Health and Health Care Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public Health and Health Care Paper - Essay Example Generally, the private sector in any health care system of a nation consists of diverse nongovernmental institutions of varying scale and scope. Public health is basically financed with government’s funds solicited from tax revenues. In the United States, â€Å"the public sector includes official (or governmental) agencies, voluntary agencies, and nonprofit agencies.† (Delaune & Ladner, 2006, 60) This essay is hereby written with the objective of describing public health and its role in the delivery of health care services. It aims to describe a selected public agency and determine its contribution to the core functions of public health. The essay will also examine specific ways the agency influences the workplace and health care provider. Finally, the roles of the agency workers are to be identified, including specific responsibilities, competencies, and skills. At the top of the hierarchy in the public sector’s delivery of health care is the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) which is the sole governing body tasked with the responsibility of delivering health care services to the public. Next in line are state departments of health which vary in providing health care to their constituents. The state departments of health eventually relegate and coordinate health activities of local health units. A report from the USDHHS on Public Health in America proffered the public health sector’s vision as â€Å"healthy people in healthy communities† with the mission of â€Å"promoting physical and mental health and preventing disease, injury and disability†. (DHHS, n.d., 21) The national governing body ensures that its role in the delivery of health care services to the public encompasses the following core functions, to wit: â€Å"prevents epidemics and the spread of disease; protects against environmental hazards; prevents injuries; promotes and encourages healthy behaviors; responds to disasters

Consumer bahaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consumer bahaviour - Essay Example The research was conducted on Thursday and Friday, in the afternoon and the evenings of the weekend. The reason for research at Gucci is simple, had we chosen a common store, we would have made numerous efforts to judge people as it is hard to find differences in people's behaviour at a lower level, but at Gucci, a particular society enters to buy the expensive items, so it is a lot of fun to measure how they look for something and what particular thing about Gucci changes their facial expressions. The place is excellent for people who prefer to stay fashionable and who have got the buying power. The store does not cater every one as its target audience but those who can really afford the high prices, further once the customer enters, the staff prefers to look at the customer from top to bottom but it has got its own charm. It is important to describe the outlook of the store first. The store seems to be transparent as there is just a glass with an entrance door, upon entering the sh elves are carrying bags straight ahead. People do complain about the staff as the staff is really rude especially if it sees that the customer does not look like an interested buyer but nevertheless the staff greets upon entrance. The atmosphere within the store is absolutely wonderful as it seems that there is no one near you due to silence. It seems that thousands have been invested in the interior of the shop but the figure could also be a million. A General View on Consumer Behaviour: Lifestyles emerge from various social influences. They are also derived from the individual's personal value system and personality. Marketers need to study the way consumers live and spend their money as well as how they make purchase decisions (Holbrook: 1999). For example, blue jeans may serve as inexpensive, functional clothing to bluecollar workers, but as fashionable, self-expressive apparel to upperclass members. Credit cards may be used as a convenience for the affluent, while others use them as a basis for installment purchases since balances are not paid off immediately. Decisions emanating from lifestyles are learned as the result of many influences such as culture, subcultures, social class, reference groups, and family (Beckman, William: 1967). Activities, interests, and opinions reflect how consumers spend their time and their beliefs on various social, economic, and political issues. When understood by marketers, these variables ca n help reduce risk in the decision-making process. At Gucci, people prefer to buy those materials that involve less risk and are long lasting, however the brand name itself is a guarantee that no matter what the customer buys would be long lasting and fashionable. So it is fair to say that perception plays a major part in the answer to perceived risk of purchasing a product or service. Perceived risk represents the anxieties felt because the buyer cannot anticipate the results of a purchase. A number of different strategies may be used to reduce risk. First, perceived risk can be reduced by a prepurchase information search, by decreasing the probability of failure. Second, the buyer can shift from one type of perceived risk to another type that is of less impact on the realisation of